The book provides a comprehensive overview of the technological advancements made in the field of irrigation during this period, highlighting the various methods used by farmers and landowners to cultivate crops in arid regions. It also delves into the social, economic, and political factors that influenced the evolution of irrigation technology in the region. Plot Summary: The book begins by discussing the geographical and climatic conditions of Southern Kazakhstan during the Middle Ages, which made it challenging for farmers to grow crops in the region. The author then describes how the need for efficient irrigation systems led to the development of innovative technologies, such as the use of windmills and waterwheels to pump water from wells and rivers.

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