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The Kurds: The History of the Middle Eastern Ethnic Group and Their Quest for Kurdistan - Charles River Editors December 25, 2017 PDF  BOOKS
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The Kurds: The History of the Middle Eastern Ethnic Group and Their Quest for Kurdistan
Author: Charles River Editors
Year: December 25, 2017
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.5 MB
Language: English



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The Kurds: The History of the Middle Eastern Ethnic Group and Their Quest for Kurdistan Introduction * The Kurds are an ethnic group located primarily in the Middle East, with a population of approximately 30-40 million people. * They lack a well-defined boundary by international standards and broach the lands of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. * The Kurds have a long history of seeking independence and self-determination, but have yet to successfully create their own nation with recognized borders. Chapter 1: The Early History of the Kurds * The Kurds have a rich cultural heritage and a unique identity that sets them apart from other ethnic groups in the region. * They have been subject to violent treatment by governments opposed to their independence, leading to a complex web of relationships with European and American governments. * The Kurds have a history of religious and political differences among the various countries in which they reside. Chapter 2: The Modern Struggle for Independence * The Kurdish people have been fighting for independence for centuries, with many skirmishes and conflicts with the Iraqi government and neighboring countries. * The most recent referendum in September 2017 was met with international condemnation and opposition from countries such as Turkey and Iran. * Despite this, the Kurds continue to seek recognition and support for their independence. Chapter 3: The Challenges of Creating a Kurdish State * The creation of a Kurdish state would require the loss of territory for neighboring countries, who heavily rely on the region for economic and strategic military reasons.
Курды: история ближневосточной этнической группы и их поиски в Курдистане Введение * Курды - это этническая группа, расположенная главным образом на Ближнем Востоке, с населением примерно 30-40 миллионов человек. * Они не имеют четко определенной границы по международным стандартам и простираются на земли Ирана, Ирак, Сирия и Турция. * Курды имеют долгую историю стремления к независимости и самоопределению, но еще предстоит успешно создать собственную нацию с признанными границами. Глава 1: Ранняя история курдов * Курды имеют богатое культурное наследие и уникальную идентичность, которая отличает их от других этнических групп в регионе. * Они подвергались жестокому обращению со стороны правительств, выступающих против их независимости, Курды имеют историю религиозных и политических различий между различными странами, в которых они проживают. Глава 2: Современная борьба за независимость * Курдский народ веками боролся за независимость, со многими стычками и конфликтами с иракским правительством и соседними странами. * Последний референдум в сентябре 2017 года был встречен международным осуждением и оппозицией со стороны таких стран, как Турция и Иран. * Несмотря на это, курды продолжают добиваться признания и поддержки своей независимости. Глава 3: Проблемы создания курдского государства * Создание курдского государства потребует потери территории для соседних стран, которые в значительной степени полагаются на регион по экономическим и стратегическим военным причинам.
Kurde : l'histoire de l'ethnie du Moyen-Orient et leur recherche au Kurdistan Introduction * Kurde C'est un groupe ethnique principalement situé au Moyen-Orient, avec une population d'environ 30 à 40 millions d'habitants. * Ils n'ont pas de frontière clairement définie selon les normes internationales et s'étendent sur les terres de l'Iran, de l'Irak, de la Syrie et de la Turquie. * s Kurdes ont une longue histoire de quête d'indépendance et d'autodétermination, mais il reste encore à créer leur propre nation avec des frontières reconnues. Chapitre 1 : L'histoire précoce des Kurdes * s Kurdes ont un riche patrimoine culturel et une identité unique qui les distingue des autres groupes ethniques de la région. * Ils ont été maltraités par des gouvernements opposés à leur indépendance, les Kurdes ont une histoire de différences religieuses et politiques entre les différents pays dans lesquels ils vivent. Chapitre 2 : La lutte moderne pour l'indépendance * peuple kurde a lutté pendant des siècles pour l'indépendance, avec de nombreux affrontements et conflits avec le gouvernement irakien et les pays voisins. * dernier référendum de septembre 2017 a été accueilli par la condamnation et l'opposition internationales de pays comme la Turquie et l'Iran. * Malgré cela, les Kurdes continuent de chercher à reconnaître et à soutenir leur indépendance. Chapitre 3 : s défis de la création d'un État kurde * La création d'un État kurde nécessitera la perte de territoire pour les pays voisins, qui dépendent largement de la région pour des raisons économiques et militaires stratégiques.
Kurdos: la historia del grupo étnico de Oriente Medio y su búsqueda en Kurdistán Introducción * Kurdos es un grupo étnico situado principalmente en Oriente Medio, con una población aproximada de entre 30 y 40 millones de habitantes. * No tienen una frontera bien definida según las normas internacionales y se extienden por las tierras de Irán, Irak, ria y Turquía. * kurdos tienen una larga historia de aspiración a la independencia y la autodeterminación, pero aún no han logrado establecer su propia nación con fronteras reconocidas. Capítulo 1: Historia temprana de los kurdos * kurdos tienen un rico patrimonio cultural y una identidad única que los distingue de otros grupos étnicos de la región. * Han sido maltratados por gobiernos que se oponen a su independencia, los kurdos tienen una historia de diferencias religiosas y políticas entre los diferentes países en los que viven. Capítulo 2: Lucha moderna por la independencia * pueblo kurdo ha luchado por la independencia durante siglos, con muchas escaramuzas y conflictos con el gobierno iraquí y los países vecinos. * último referéndum en septiembre de 2017 fue recibido con la condena internacional y la oposición de países como Turquía e Irán. * A pesar de esto, los kurdos siguen buscando el reconocimiento y el apoyo de su independencia. Capítulo 3: Problemas para la creación de un Estado kurdo * La creación de un Estado kurdo requerirá la pérdida de territorio para los países vecinos, que dependen en gran medida de la región por razones económicas y estratégicas militares.
Curdi - Storia del gruppo etnico mediorientale e loro ricerca in Kurdistan Introduzione * Curda è un gruppo etnico situato principalmente in Medio Oriente, con circa 30-40 milioni di abitanti. Capitolo 1: La storia iniziale dei curdi * I curdi hanno un patrimonio culturale ricco e un'identità unica che li distingue dagli altri gruppi etnici della regione. Capitolo 2: La lotta moderna per l'indipendenza * Il popolo curdo ha combattuto per secoli per l'indipendenza, con molti scontri e conflitti con il governo iracheno e i paesi vicini. Capitolo 3: I problemi della creazione di uno stato curdo * La creazione di uno stato curdo richiederà la perdita di territorio per i paesi vicini, che si affidano in gran parte alla regione per ragioni militari economiche e strategiche.
Kurden: Geschichte der ethnischen Gruppe des Nahen Ostens und ihre Suche in Kurdistan Einleitung * Kurden ist eine ethnische Gruppe, die sich hauptsächlich im Nahen Osten befindet, mit einer Bevölkerung von etwa 30-40 Millionen Menschen. * e haben nach internationalen Standards keine klar definierte Grenze und erstrecken sich über die Länder Iran, Irak, Syrien und die Türkei. * Die Kurden haben eine lange Geschichte des Strebens nach Unabhängigkeit und Selbstbestimmung, müssen aber noch erfolgreich eine eigene Nation mit anerkannten Grenzen aufbauen. Kapitel 1: Die frühe Geschichte der Kurden * Die Kurden haben ein reiches kulturelles Erbe und eine einzigartige Identität, die sie von anderen ethnischen Gruppen in der Region unterscheidet. * e wurden von Regierungen, die sich ihrer Unabhängigkeit widersetzen, misshandelt. Die Kurden haben eine Geschichte religiöser und politischer Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Ländern, in denen sie leben. Kapitel 2: Moderner Unabhängigkeitskampf * Das kurdische Volk kämpft seit Jahrhunderten für die Unabhängigkeit, mit vielen Scharmützeln und Konflikten mit der irakischen Regierung und den Nachbarländern. * Das letzte Referendum im September 2017 stieß auf internationale Verurteilung und Widerstand von Ländern wie der Türkei und dem Iran. * Trotzdem suchen die Kurden weiterhin die Anerkennung und Unterstützung ihrer Unabhängigkeit. Kapitel 3: Herausforderungen bei der Schaffung eines kurdischen Staates * Die Schaffung eines kurdischen Staates erfordert den Verlust von Territorium für Nachbarländer, die aus wirtschaftlichen und strategischen militärischen Gründen stark auf die Region angewiesen sind.
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Kürtler: Orta Doğu etnik grubunun tarihi ve Kürdistan'daki arayışları Giriş * Kürtler, çoğunlukla Orta Doğu'da bulunan bir etnik gruptur, Yaklaşık 30-40 milyonluk bir nüfusa sahiptir. * Uluslararası standartlarda açıkça tanımlanmış bir sınırı yoktur ve İran topraklarına kadar uzanır, Irak, Suriye ve Türkiye. * Kürtlerin bağımsızlık ve kendi kaderlerini tayin etme konusunda uzun bir tarihi var. Ancak henüz tanınmış sınırlara sahip kendi uluslarını başarılı bir şekilde yaratamadılar. Bölüm 1: Kürtlerin erken tarihi * Kürtler, zengin bir kültürel mirasa ve onları bölgedeki diğer etnik gruplardan ayıran benzersiz bir kimliğe sahiptir. * Bağımsızlıklarına karşı çıkan hükümetler tarafından istismar edildiler, Kürtlerin içinde bulundukları çeşitli ülkeler arasında dini ve siyasi farklılıklar geçmişi var. 2. Bölüm: Modern bağımsızlık mücadelesi * Kürt halkı yüzyıllardır bağımsızlık için mücadele etmiştir. Irak hükümeti ve komşu ülkelerle birçok çatışma ve çatışma yaşandı. * Eylül 2017'deki son referandum, Türkiye ve İran gibi ülkelerden gelen uluslararası kınama ve muhalefetle karşılandı. * Buna rağmen, Kürtler bağımsızlıkları için tanınma ve destek aramaya devam ediyor. Bölüm 3: Bir Kürt devleti kurmanın zorlukları * Bir Kürt devleti kurmak, ekonomik ve stratejik askeri nedenlerle bölgeye büyük ölçüde güvenen komşu ülkeler için toprak kaybını gerektirecektir.
الأكراد: تاريخ المجموعة العرقية الشرق أوسطية وبحثهم في كردستان مقدمة * الأكراد هم مجموعة عرقية تقع أساسًا في الشرق الأوسط، * ليس لديهم حدود محددة بوضوح بالمعايير الدولية وتمتد إلى أراضي إيران، العراق وسوريا وتركيا. * للأكراد تاريخ طويل في السعي من أجل الاستقلال وتقرير المصير، ولكنها لم تنجح بعد في إنشاء دولتها بحدود معترف بها. الفصل 1: التاريخ المبكر للأكراد * للأكراد تراث ثقافي غني وهوية فريدة تميزهم عن المجموعات العرقية الأخرى في المنطقة. * لقد تعرضوا للإساءة من قبل الحكومات المعارضة لاستقلالهم، والأكراد لديهم تاريخ من الاختلافات الدينية والسياسية بين مختلف البلدان التي يقيمون فيها. الفصل 2: النضال الحديث من أجل الاستقلال * لقد ناضل الشعب الكردي من أجل الاستقلال لعدة قرون، مع العديد من المناوشات والصراعات مع الحكومة العراقية والدول المجاورة. * قوبل الاستفتاء الأخير في سبتمبر 2017 بإدانة ومعارضة دولية من دول مثل تركيا وإيران. * على الرغم من ذلك، يواصل الأكراد السعي للحصول على الاعتراف والدعم لاستقلالهم. الفصل 3: تحديات إقامة دولة كردية * تتطلب إقامة دولة كردية خسارة الأراضي للدول المجاورة التي تعتمد بشكل كبير على المنطقة لأسباب اقتصادية واستراتيجية عسكرية.

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