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Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century (Published by the Omohundro Institute of … and the University of North Carolina Press - John Frederick Martin December 1, 1991 PDF  BOOKS
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Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century (Published by the Omohundro Institute of … and the University of North Carolina Press
Author: John Frederick Martin
Year: December 1, 1991
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 19 MB
Language: English



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The book "Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Founding of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century" published by the Omohundro Institute of 8230 and the University of North Carolina Press, offers a fresh perspective on the founding of New England towns during the 17th century. The author, John Frederick Martin, challenges traditional historical narratives by demonstrating that colonists sought profits in town founding, rather than emphasizing communalism and the absence of commerce. Through his analysis of over sixty towns and the activities of one hundred town founders, Martin reveals that many residents were excluded from owning common lands and voting, leading to the emergence of fully public entities at the end of the century. This study not only reevaluates social history but also cultural history, as it highlights the coexistence of multiple and conflicting ethics within a complex and vibrant New England culture. Martin's research shows that town founders used business corporations to organize themselves into landholding bodies, and that absentee landholding was common. This challenges the longstanding debate between Puritan scholars and business historians, providing a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between religion and commerce in early New England.
Книга «Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Foundation of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century» (Прибыль в дикой природе: предпринимательство и основание городов Новой Англии в семнадцатом веке), опубликованная Институтом Омохундро (Omohundro Institute of 8230) и Издательством Северной Каролины, предлагает новый взгляд на основание городов Новой Англии в XVII веке. Автор, Джон Фредерик Мартин, бросает вызов традиционным историческим повествованиям, демонстрируя, что колонисты искали прибыль в основании города, а не подчёркивали коммунализм и отсутствие торговли. Через свой анализ более шестидесяти городов и деятельность ста основателей городов Мартин показывает, что многие жители были отстранены от владения общими землями и голосования, что привело к появлению полностью общественных образований в конце века. Это исследование не только пересматривает социальную историю, но и историю культуры, поскольку оно подчеркивает сосуществование множественной и противоречивой этики в сложной и яркой культуре Новой Англии. Исследования Мартина показывают, что основатели городов использовали бизнес-корпорации для организации себя в органы землевладения, и что заочное землевладение было обычным явлением. Это ставит под сомнение давние дебаты между пуританскими учёными и историками бизнеса, обеспечивая более тонкое понимание взаимосвязи между религией и коммерцией в ранней Новой Англии.
livre « Profits in the Wilderness : Entrepreneurship and the Foundation of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century », publié par l'Institut Omohundro L'ohundro Institute of 8230) et l'édition de Caroline du Nord offrent un nouveau regard sur la fondation des villes de la Nouvelle-Angleterre au XVIIe siècle L'auteur, John Frederick Martin, récuse les récits historiques traditionnels en montrant que les colons cherchaient des profits à la base de la ville plutôt que de souligner le communautarisme et l'absence de commerce. Par son analyse de plus de soixante villes et les activités des cent fondateurs des villes, Martin montre que de nombreux habitants ont été exclus de la propriété des terres communes et du vote, ce qui a conduit à l'émergence d'entités entièrement publiques à la fin du siècle. Cette étude redéfinit non seulement l'histoire sociale, mais aussi l'histoire culturelle, car elle souligne la coexistence d'une éthique multiple et contradictoire dans la culture complexe et dynamique de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. s études de Martin montrent que les fondateurs des villes ont utilisé des sociétés commerciales pour s'organiser en autorités foncières, et que la propriété foncière par contumace était courante. Cela remet en question le débat de longue date entre les scientifiques puritains et les historiens des affaires, ce qui permet de mieux comprendre la relation entre la religion et le commerce au début de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.
«Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Foundation of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century» (Ganancias en la naturaleza: emprendimiento y fundación de ciudades de Nueva Inglaterra en el siglo XVII), publicado por el Instituto Omohundro de 8230 y la Editorial Carolina del Norte, ofrece una nueva visión de la fundación de las ciudades de Nueva Inglaterra en el siglo XVII. autor, John Frederick Martin, desafía las narraciones históricas tradicionales, demostrando que los colonos buscaban ganancias en la fundación de la ciudad en lugar de enfatizar el comunalismo y la falta de comercio. A través de su análisis de más de sesenta ciudades y las actividades del centenar de ciudades fundadoras, Martín revela que muchos habitantes fueron apartados de la posesión de tierras comunes y del voto, lo que llevó a la aparición de entidades plenamente públicas a finales del siglo. Este estudio no sólo repasa la historia social, sino también la historia de la cultura, ya que destaca la convivencia de una ética plural y contradictoria en la cultura compleja y vibrante de Nueva Inglaterra. estudios de Martin muestran que los fundadores de las ciudades usaban corporaciones empresariales para organizarse en órganos de tenencia de la tierra, y que la propiedad ausente de la tierra era común. Esto pone en duda el debate de larga data entre los estudiosos puritanos y los historiadores empresariales, proporcionando una comprensión más sutil de la relación entre religión y comercio en la Nueva Inglaterra primitiva.
«Profits in the Wilderness: Enterrepreneurship and the Foundation of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century», pubblicato dall'Omohundro Istituto of 8230 e North Carolina, offre una nuova visione della fondazione delle città del New England nel XVII secolo. L'autore, John Frederic Martin, sfida le storie storiche tradizionali, dimostrando che i coloni cercavano profitti alla base della città, piuttosto che sottolineare il comunismo e la mancanza di commercio. Attraverso la sua analisi di più di sessanta città e le attività dei cento fondatori delle città di Martin, molti abitanti sono stati allontanati dalla proprietà dei terreni comuni e dal voto, che ha portato alla nascita di formazioni interamente pubbliche alla fine del secolo. Questo studio non solo rivede la storia sociale, ma anche la storia culturale, perché sottolinea la convivenza di un'etica plurale e contraddittoria nella complessa e brillante cultura del New England. Gli studi di Martin dimostrano che i fondatori delle città usavano le imprese per organizzarsi in organi di proprietà della terra, e che la proprietà a distanza era comune. Questo mette in discussione il lungo dibattito tra gli scienziati puritani e gli storici degli affari, fornendo una più sottile comprensione del rapporto tra religione e commercio nel primo New England.
Buch „Profits in the Wilderness: Entrepreneurship and the Foundation of New England Towns in the Seventeenth Century“, herausgegeben vom Omohundro Institute of 8230) und North Carolina Publishing, bietet eine neue Perspektive auf die Gründung von New England Städte im 17. Jahrhundert. Der Autor, John Frederick Martin, fordert traditionelle historische Erzählungen heraus und zeigt, dass die Kolonisten an der Gründung der Stadt nach Profit suchten, anstatt Kommunalismus und den Mangel an Handel zu betonen. Durch seine Analyse von mehr als sechzig Städten und die Aktivitäten von hundert Stadtgründern zeigt Martin, dass viele Einwohner vom Besitz von gemeinsamem Land und der Abstimmung ausgeschlossen wurden, was am Ende des Jahrhunderts zu völlig öffentlichen Formationen führte. Diese Studie untersucht nicht nur die Sozialgeschichte, sondern auch die Kulturgeschichte, da sie die Koexistenz multipler und widersprüchlicher Ethik in der komplexen und lebendigen Kultur Neuenglands hervorhebt. Martins Forschung zeigt, dass die Gründer der Städte Geschäftskonzerne verwendeten, um sich als Organe des Landbesitzes zu organisieren, und dass abwesender Landbesitz üblich war. Dies stellt die langjährige Debatte zwischen puritanischen Gelehrten und Wirtschaftshistorikern in Frage und bietet ein differenzierteres Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Religion und Handel im frühen Neuengland.
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Vahşi Doğada Kârlar: Girişimcilik ve On Yedinci Yüzyılda New England Kasabalarının Kuruluşu, 8230 Omohundro Enstitüsü tarafından yayınlandı) ve North Carolina Yayınevi, 17. yüzyılda New England şehirlerinin kuruluşuna yeni bir bakış sunuyor. Yazar John Frederick Martin, geleneksel tarihsel anlatılara meydan okuyor ve sömürgecilerin komünalizmi ve ticaret eksikliğini vurgulamak yerine şehrin tabanında kar elde ettiklerini gösteriyor. Martin, altmıştan fazla şehri ve yüz şehir kurucusunun faaliyetlerini analiz ederek, birçok sakinin ortak topraklara sahip olmaktan ve oy kullanmaktan uzaklaştırıldığını ve bu da yüzyılın sonunda tamamen kamusal oluşumların ortaya çıkmasına yol açtığını gösteriyor. Bu çalışma sadece toplumsal tarihi değil, aynı zamanda New England'ın karmaşık ve canlı kültüründe çoklu ve çelişkili etiğin bir arada varlığını vurguladığı için kültürel tarihi de yeniden ele almaktadır. Martin'in araştırması, şehir kurucularının kendilerini toprak mülkiyeti organlarında organize etmek için ticari şirketleri kullandığını ve devamsız arazi mülkiyetinin yaygın olduğunu gösteriyor. Bu, Puritan alimleri ve iş tarihçileri arasındaki uzun süredir devam eden tartışmayı sorgulamakta ve erken New England'daki din ve ticaret arasındaki ilişkinin daha ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamaktadır.
أرباح | في البرية: ريادة الأعمال ومؤسسة مدن نيو إنجلاند في القرن السابع عشر، التي نشرها معهد أوموهوندرو 8230) ودار نشر نورث كارولينا، تقدم نظرة جديدة على تأسيس مدن نيو إنجلاند في القرن السابع عشر. يتحدى المؤلف، جون فريدريك مارتن، الروايات التاريخية التقليدية، مما يدل على أن المستعمرين سعوا لتحقيق الربح في قاعدة المدينة، بدلاً من التأكيد على الطائفية ونقص التجارة. من خلال تحليله لأكثر من ستين مدينة وأنشطة مائة من مؤسسي المدن، أظهر مارتن أن العديد من السكان تم إبعادهم عن امتلاك الأراضي المشتركة والتصويت، مما أدى إلى ظهور تشكيلات عامة تمامًا في نهاية القرن. لا تعيد هذه الدراسة النظر في التاريخ الاجتماعي فحسب، بل تعيد أيضًا النظر في التاريخ الثقافي لأنها تسلط الضوء على تعايش الأخلاق المتعددة والمتناقضة في الثقافة المعقدة والنابضة بالحياة في نيو إنجلاند. أظهر بحث مارتن أن مؤسسي المدينة استخدموا الشركات التجارية لتنظيم أنفسهم في هيئات حيازة الأراضي، وأن حيازة الأراضي الغائبة كانت شائعة. هذا يثير تساؤلات حول الجدل طويل الأمد بين العلماء البيوريتانيين ومؤرخي الأعمال، مما يوفر فهمًا أكثر دقة للعلاقة بين الدين والتجارة في أوائل نيو إنجلاند.

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