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The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy - Bruce A. Ackerman October 28, 2005 PDF  BOOKS
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The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy
Author: Bruce A. Ackerman
Year: October 28, 2005
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.6 MB
Language: English



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The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy In this groundbreaking book, Bruce Ackerman delves into the early years of the United States to reveal how the founding fathers' vision for the country was nearly destroyed by the rise of political parties. The ink had barely dried on the Constitution when the twoparty system emerged, threatening to tear apart the young nation. As the first political parties took shape, the rules laid down by the Constitution exacerbated the crisis, leading to a deadlock between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr in the House of Representatives. Through seven years of archival research, Ackerman uncovers previously unknown aspects of the electoral college crisis, showing how Thomas Jefferson counted his Federalist rivals out of the House runoff and how the Federalists threatened to place John Marshall in the presidential chair. Despite the intentions of the Framers, the presidency had become a plebiscitarian office, with Thomas Jefferson gaining office as the People's choice and acting vigorously to fulfill his popular mandate.
Провал отцов-основателей: Джефферсон, Маршалл и расцвет президентской демократии В этой новаторской книге Брюс Аккерман углубляется в ранние годы Соединенных Штатов, чтобы показать, как видение отцов-основателей для страны было почти разрушено ростом политических партий. Чернила едва высохли на Конституции, когда возникла двухпартийная система, грозящая разорвать молодую нацию. По мере становления первых политических партий правила, заложенные Конституцией, усугубили кризис, что привело к тупику между Томасом Джефферсоном и Аароном Бёрром в Палате представителей. За семь лет архивных исследований Аккерман раскрывает ранее неизвестные аспекты кризиса коллегии выборщиков, показывая, как Томас Джефферсон подсчитал своих соперников-федералистов из второго тура Палаты представителей и как федералисты угрожали посадить Джона Маршалла в президентское кресло. Несмотря на намерения Фреймеров, пост президента стал плебисцитарным, Томас Джефферсон получил пост Народного избранника и энергично действовал для выполнения своего народного мандата.
L'échec des pères fondateurs : Jefferson, Marshall et l'épanouissement de la démocratie présidentielle Dans ce livre novateur, Bruce Ackerman s'approfondit dans les premières années des États-Unis pour montrer comment la vision des pères fondateurs pour le pays a été presque détruite par la croissance des partis politiques. L'encre a à peine séché sur la Constitution quand un système bipartisan a émergé, menaçant de briser la jeune nation. À mesure que les premiers partis politiques devenaient, les règles établies par la Constitution ont aggravé la crise, ce qui a conduit à une impasse entre Thomas Jefferson et Aaron Burr à la Chambre des représentants. Au cours de sept années de recherches archivistiques, Ackerman révèle des aspects précédemment inconnus de la crise du collège électoral, montrant comment Thomas Jefferson a calculé ses rivaux fédéralistes du deuxième tour de la Chambre des représentants et comment les fédéralistes ont menacé de mettre John Marshall à la présidence. Malgré les intentions de Framers, la présidence est devenue plébiscitaire, Thomas Jefferson a obtenu le poste d'élu populaire et a agi énergiquement pour remplir son mandat populaire.
fracaso de los padres fundadores: Jefferson, Marshall y el florecimiento de la democracia presidencial En este libro pionero, Bruce Ackerman profundiza en los primeros de Estados Unidos para mostrar cómo la visión de los padres fundadores para el país fue casi destruida por el crecimiento de los partidos políticos. La tinta apenas se secó sobre la Constitución cuando surgió un sistema bipartidista que amenaza con desgarrar a la joven nación. A medida que los primeros partidos políticos se convirtieron, las reglas establecidas por la Constitución agravaron la crisis, lo que llevó a un estancamiento entre Thomas Jefferson y Aaron Burr en la Cámara de Representantes. En siete de investigación de archivos, Ackerman revela aspectos previamente desconocidos de la crisis del colegio electoral, mostrando cómo Thomas Jefferson contó a sus rivales federalistas de la segunda vuelta de la Cámara de Representantes y cómo los federalistas amenazaron con meter a John Marshall en la silla presidencial. A pesar de las intenciones de los Framers, la presidencia se convirtió en plebiscitaria, Thomas Jefferson obtuvo el cargo de Elegido Popular y actuó vigorosamente para cumplir su mandato popular.
Il fallimento dei padri fondatori: Jefferson, Marshall e il fiorire della democrazia presidenziale In questo libro innovativo, Bruce Ackerman approfondisce i primi anni degli Stati Uniti per dimostrare come la visione dei padri fondatori sia stata quasi distrutta dalla crescita dei partiti politici. L'inchiostro si è a malapena asciugato sulla Costituzione quando è nato un sistema bipartisan che minaccia di distruggere una nazione giovane. Con la creazione dei primi partiti politici, le regole stabilite dalla Costituzione hanno aggravato la crisi, causando l'impasse tra Thomas Jefferson e Aaron Burr alla Camera dei Rappresentanti. In sette anni di ricerche archiviate, Ackerman ha rivelato aspetti sconosciuti della crisi del collegio elettorale, mostrando come Thomas Jefferson abbia calcolato i suoi rivali federalisti del secondo turno della Camera dei Rappresentanti e come i federalisti abbiano minacciato di mettere John Marshall sulla sedia presidenziale. Nonostante le intenzioni di Freemer, la presidenza è diventata plebiscitaria, Thomas Jefferson ha ottenuto la carica di Eletto del Popolo e ha agito con forza per il suo mandato popolare.
Das Scheitern der Gründerväter: Jefferson, Marshall und das Aufblühen der präsidialen Demokratie Bruce Ackerman geht in diesem bahnbrechenden Buch tiefer in die frühen Jahre der Vereinigten Staaten, um zu zeigen, wie die Vision der Gründerväter für das Land durch den Aufstieg politischer Parteien fast zerstört wurde. Die Tinte trocknete kaum auf der Verfassung, als ein Zweiparteiensystem entstand, das die junge Nation zu zerreißen drohte. Als die ersten politischen Parteien wurden, verschärften die von der Verfassung festgelegten Regeln die Krise, was zu einer Sackgasse zwischen Thomas Jefferson und Aaron Burr im Repräsentantenhaus führte. In sieben Jahren Archivrecherche deckt Ackerman bisher unbekannte Aspekte der Krise des Electoral College auf und zeigt, wie Thomas Jefferson seine föderalistischen Rivalen aus der zweiten Runde des Repräsentantenhauses zählte und wie die Föderalisten drohten, John Marshall in die Präsidentschaft zu bringen. Trotz der Absichten der Freimers wurde das Präsidentenamt plebiszitär, Thomas Jefferson erhielt das Amt des Volksauserwählten und handelte energisch, um sein Volksmandat zu erfüllen.
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Kurucu Babaların Başarısızlığı: Jefferson, Marshall ve Başkanlık Demokrasisinin Yükselişi Bu çığır açan kitapta Bruce Ackerman, Kurucu Babaların ülke vizyonunun siyasi partilerin yükselişiyle nasıl neredeyse yok edildiğini göstermek için Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin ilk yıllarına giriyor. Genç bir ulusu parçalamakla tehdit eden iki partili bir sistem ortaya çıktığında mürekkep Anayasa üzerinde zar zor kurudu. İlk siyasi partiler kurulduğunda, Anayasa tarafından belirlenen kurallar krizi şiddetlendirdi ve Thomas Jefferson ile Aaron Burr arasında Temsilciler Meclisi'nde bir çıkmaza yol açtı. Yedi yıllık arşiv araştırması boyunca Ackerman, Thomas Jefferson'un Federalist rakiplerini House ikinci turundan nasıl saydığını ve Federalistlerin John Marshall'ı başkanlığa sokmakla nasıl tehdit ettiğini gösteren seçim koleji krizinin daha önce bilinmeyen yönlerini ortaya koyuyor. Framers'ın niyetlerine rağmen, başkanlık plebisitçi oldu, Thomas Jefferson Halkın Seçimi görevini aldı ve popüler görevini yerine getirmek için enerjik bir şekilde hareket etti.
فشل الآباء المؤسسين: جيفرسون ومارشال وصعود الديمقراطية الرئاسية في هذا الكتاب الرائد، يتعمق بروس أكرمان في السنوات الأولى للولايات المتحدة لإظهار كيف دمرت رؤية الآباء المؤسسين للبلاد تقريبًا بسبب صعود الأحزاب السياسية. بالكاد جف الحبر على الدستور عندما ظهر نظام من حزبين يهدد بتمزيق أمة شابة. مع تأسيس الأحزاب السياسية الأولى، أدت القواعد التي وضعها الدستور إلى تفاقم الأزمة، مما أدى إلى طريق مسدود بين توماس جيفرسون وآرون بور في مجلس النواب. على مدار سبع سنوات من البحث الأرشيفي، كشف أكرمان عن جوانب غير معروفة سابقًا لأزمة الكلية الانتخابية، موضحًا كيف أحصى توماس جيفرسون منافسيه الفيدراليين من جولة الإعادة في مجلس النواب وكيف هدد الفيدراليون بوضع جون مارشال في الرئاسة. على الرغم من نوايا Framers، أصبحت الرئاسة عامة، وحصل توماس جيفرسون على منصب People's Choice وعمل بنشاط للوفاء بتفويضه الشعبي.

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