BOOKS - Exception Taken: How France Has Defied Hollywood's New World Order (Film and ...
Exception Taken: How France Has Defied Hollywood
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Exception Taken: How France Has Defied Hollywood's New World Order (Film and Culture Series)
Author: Jonathan Buchsbaum
Year: January 10, 2017
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.1 MB
Language: English



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Book Exception Taken How France Has Defied Hollywood's New World Order Film and Culture Series Plot Summary: In "Exception Taken Jonathan Buchsbaum delves into the movements that have emerged in opposition to the homogenizing force of Hollywood in global filmmaking, specifically in France during the 1980s. The book explores how France sought to strengthen support for its film industry under the new Mitterrand government, lobbying partners in the European Economic Community to protect the audiovisual industries and resist cultural freetrade pressures in international trade agreements. These struggles to preserve the autonomy of national artistic prerogatives emboldened many countries to question the benefits of accelerated globalization. Led by the energetic minister of culture Jack Lang, France initiated measures to support all sectors of the film industry, introducing laws that mandated state and private television investment in French films to replace lost revenue from a shrinking theatrical audience. This marked the beginning of a series of events that would shape the future of European cinema. As Europe passed the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, extending its legal purview to culture for the first time, a dramatic confrontation over the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) ensued in 193. Pushed by France, the EU fought the United States over the idea that countries should preserve their right to regulate cultural activity as they saw fit.
Book Exception Taken How France Has Defeated Hollywood's New World Order Film and Culture Series Plot Summary: In «Exception Taken» Jonathan Buchsbaum углубляется в движения, возникшие в противовес гомогенизирующей силе Голливуда в мировом кинопроизводстве, особенно во Франции в 1980-х годах. Книга исследует, как Франция стремилась усилить поддержку своей киноиндустрии при новом правительстве Миттерана, лоббируя партнеров в Европейском экономическом сообществе, чтобы защитить аудиовизуальные отрасли и противостоять культурному свободному давлению в международных торговых соглашениях. Эта борьба за сохранение автономии национальных художественных прерогатив осмелила многие страны усомниться в преимуществах ускоренной глобализации. Во главе с энергичным министром культуры Джеком Лангом Франция инициировала меры по поддержке всех секторов киноиндустрии, введя законы, которые предписывали государственным и частным телевизионным инвестициям во французские фильмы замещать выпадающие доходы от сокращающейся театральной аудитории. Это положило начало череде событий, которые будут определять будущее европейского кино. Поскольку Европа приняла Маастрихтский договор в 1992 году, впервые распространив свою юридическую компетенцию на культуру, в 193 году возникла драматическая конфронтация из-за Генерального соглашения по торговле и тарифам (ГАТТ). Подталкиваемый Францией, ЕС боролся с США из-за идеи, что страны должны сохранить свое право регулировать культурную деятельность так, как они считают нужным.
Book Exception Taken How France Has Defeated Hollywood New World Order Film and Culture Series Plot Summary : Dans « Exception Taken » Jonathan Buchsbaum approfondit dans les mouvements apparus en opposition le pouvoir homogénéisant d'Hollywood dans la production cinématographique mondiale, en particulier en France dans les années 1980. livre explore comment la France s'est efforcée de renforcer son soutien à l'industrie cinématographique sous le nouveau gouvernement Mitterrand en faisant pression sur ses partenaires de la Communauté économique européenne afin de protéger les industries audiovisuelles et de résister aux pressions culturelles libres dans les accords commerciaux internationaux. Cette lutte pour préserver l'autonomie des prérogatives artistiques nationales a permis à de nombreux pays de douter des avantages d'une mondialisation accélérée. Sous la direction du ministre de la Culture Jack Lang, la France a pris des mesures pour soutenir tous les secteurs de l'industrie cinématographique en introduisant des lois qui obligent les investissements de la télévision publique et privée dans les films français à remplacer les revenus décroissants d'un public théâtral en déclin. Cela a déclenché une série d'événements qui détermineront l'avenir du cinéma européen. Depuis que l'Europe a adopté le traité de Maastricht en 1992, étendant pour la première fois sa compétence juridique à la culture, une confrontation dramatique s'est formée en 193 à propos de l'Accord général sur le commerce et les tarifs douaniers (GATT). Poussée par la France, l'UE s'est battue contre les Etats-Unis sur l'idée que les pays devraient conserver leur droit de réglementer les activités culturelles comme bon leur semble.
Book Exception Taken How France Has Defeated Hollywood's New World Order Film and Culture Series Plot Summary: In «Exception Taken» Jonathan Ban uchsbaum profundiza en los movimientos surgidos en oposición al poder homogeneizador de Hollywood en la producción cinematográfica mundial, especialmente en Francia en la década de 1980. libro explora cómo Francia ha buscado reforzar el apoyo a su industria cinematográfica bajo el nuevo gobierno de Mitterrand, presionando a los socios de la Comunidad Económica Europea para proteger las industrias audiovisuales y contrarrestar la libre presión cultural en los acuerdos comerciales internacionales. Esta lucha por mantener la autonomía de las prerrogativas artísticas nacionales ha atrevido a muchos países a dudar de los beneficios de una globalización acelerada. Encabezada por el vigoroso ministro de Cultura Jack Lang, Francia inició medidas para apoyar a todos los sectores de la industria cinematográfica, introduciendo leyes que ordenaban la inversión de la televisión pública y privada en películas francesas para reemplazar los ingresos decrecientes de un público teatral en declive. Esto marcó el inicio de una serie de eventos que determinarán el futuro del cine europeo. Desde que adoptó el Tratado de Maastricht en 1992, ampliando por primera vez su competencia jurídica a la cultura, en 193 surgió un enfrentamiento dramático debido al Acuerdo General sobre Comercio y Aranceles (GATT). Empujada por Francia, la UE ha luchado contra Estados Unidos por la idea de que los países deben conservar su derecho a regular las actividades culturales como consideren oportuno.
Book Exceção Taken How France Has Defeated Hollywood's New World Order Film and Cultura Series Plot Summary: In «Exclusion Taken» Jonathan Buchsbaum aprofunda-se em movimentos opostos ao poder homogênico de Hollywood na produção cinematográfica mundial, especialmente na França nos anos 80. O livro explora como a França procurou aumentar o apoio à sua indústria cinematográfica sob o novo governo Mitterrand, pressionando parceiros na Comunidade Econômica Europeia para proteger os setores audiovisuais e resistir às pressões culturais livres nos acordos comerciais internacionais. Esta luta para manter a autonomia das prerrogativas artísticas nacionais ousou muitos países questionar as vantagens de uma globalização acelerada. Liderada pelo vigoroso ministro da Cultura Jack Lang, a França iniciou medidas para apoiar todos os setores da indústria cinematográfica, introduzindo leis que ordenavam o investimento público e privado na televisão em filmes franceses para substituir os lucros do público teatral em declínio. Isso deu início a uma série de eventos que vão determinar o futuro do cinema europeu. Como a aprovou o Tratado de Maastricht em 1992, estendendo sua competência legal à cultura pela primeira vez, em 193 houve um confronto dramático devido ao Acordo Geral de Comércio e Tarifas (GATT). Empurrado pela França, a UE lutou contra os EUA pela ideia de que os países devem manter o seu direito de regular as atividades culturais como acham apropriado.
Buch Exception Taken How France Has Defeated Hollywood 's New World Order Film and Culture Series Plot Zusammenfassung: In „Exception Taken“ vertieft sich Jonathan Buchsbaum in Bewegungen, die gegen die homogenisierende Kraft Hollywoods entstanden sind uda in der weltweiten Filmproduktion, vor allem in Frankreich in den 1980er Jahren. Das Buch untersucht, wie Frankreich unter der neuen Mitterrand-Regierung versucht hat, die Unterstützung für seine Filmindustrie zu stärken, indem es sich für Partner in der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft einsetzte, um die audiovisuelle Industrie zu schützen und dem kulturellen Druck in internationalen Handelsabkommen standzuhalten. Dieser Kampf um die Wahrung der Autonomie nationaler künstlerischer Prärogativen hat viele Länder ermutigt, die Vorteile einer beschleunigten Globalisierung in Frage zu stellen. Unter der itung des energischen Kulturministers Jack Lang leitete Frankreich Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung aller Sektoren der Filmindustrie ein, indem es Gesetze einführte, die öffentliche und private Fernsehinvestitionen in französische Filme vorschreiben, um die Einnahmeausfälle eines schrumpfenden Theaterpublikums zu ersetzen. Damit begann eine Reihe von Ereignissen, die die Zukunft des europäischen Kinos bestimmen werden. Als 1992 den Vertrag von Maastricht annahm und damit erstmals seine Rechtskompetenz auf die Kultur ausdehnte, kam es 193 zu einer dramatischen Konfrontation um das Allgemeine Handels- und Zollabkommen (GATT). Von Frankreich gedrängt, kämpfte die EU mit den USA über die Idee, dass die Länder ihr Recht behalten sollten, kulturelle Aktivitäten so zu regulieren, wie sie es für richtig hielten.
Book Exception Taken How France pokonał Hollywood's New World Order Film and Culture Series Podsumowanie fabuły: W „Wyjątek wzięty” Jonathan Buchsbaum odkłada się do ruchów, które powstały w opozycji do homogenizacji mocy Hollywood uda na świecie twórczość filmowa, zwłaszcza we Francji w latach 80. Książka bada, w jaki sposób Francja starała się zwiększyć wsparcie dla swojego przemysłu filmowego w ramach nowego rządu Mitterranda poprzez lobbing partnerów w Europejskiej Wspólnocie Gospodarczej w celu ochrony przemysłu audiowizualnego i przeciwstawiania się kulturowej wolnej presji w międzynarodowych umowach handlowych. Ta walka o zachowanie autonomii krajowych prerogatyw artystycznych pochłonęła wiele krajów, by zakwestionować korzyści płynące z przyspieszonej globalizacji. Pod przewodnictwem energetycznego ministra kultury Jacka Langa Francja zainicjowała działania wspierające wszystkie sektory przemysłu filmowego, wprowadzając ustawy upoważniające publiczne i prywatne inwestycje telewizyjne we francuskie filmy do zastąpienia niedoborów dochodów z malejących odbiorców teatralnych. Był to początek serii wydarzeń, które będą decydować o przyszłości kina europejskiego. Ponieważ w 1992 r. przyjęła traktat z Maastricht, rozszerzając po raz pierwszy swoje kompetencje prawne na kulturę, w 193 r. doszło do dramatycznej konfrontacji w sprawie Układu Ogólnego w sprawie Handlu i Taryf Celnych (GATT). Zmuszona przez Francję UE walczyła z USA o to, by państwa zachowały swoje prawo do regulowania działalności kulturalnej, jak uważają za stosowne.
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Book Exception Taken How France Has Defeed Hollywood's New World Order Film and Culture Series Özet: In "Exception Taken" Jonathan Buchsbaum, özellikle 1980'lerde Fransa'da Hollywood'un dünya sinemasındaki homojenleştirme gücüne karşı ortaya çıkan hareketleri inceliyor. Kitap, Fransa'nın Mitterrand'ın yeni hükümeti altındaki film endüstrisine verdiği desteği, görsel-işitsel endüstrileri korumak ve uluslararası ticaret anlaşmalarındaki kültürel serbest baskıya direnmek için Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu'ndaki ortaklara lobi yaparak nasıl arttırmaya çalıştığını araştırıyor. Ulusal sanatsal ayrıcalıkların özerkliğini korumaya yönelik bu mücadele, birçok ülkeyi hızlandırılmış küreselleşmenin faydalarını sorgulamaya teşvik etti. Enerjik Kültür Bakanı Jack Lang liderliğindeki Fransa, azalan tiyatro izleyicilerinin gelirindeki eksikliklerin yerini alması için Fransız filmlerine kamu ve özel televizyon yatırımını zorunlu kılan yasalar getirerek film endüstrisinin tüm sektörlerini desteklemek için önlemler başlattı. Bu, Avrupa sinemasının geleceğini belirleyecek bir dizi etkinliğin başlangıcı oldu. Avrupa, 1992'de Maastricht Antlaşması'nı kabul ederek yasal yeterliliğini ilk kez kültüre genişletirken, 193'te Ticaret ve Tarifeler Genel Anlaşması (GATT) konusunda dramatik bir çatışma ortaya çıktı. Fransa tarafından itilen AB, ülkelerin kültürel faaliyetleri uygun gördükleri şekilde düzenleme haklarını korumaları gerektiği fikri üzerine ABD ile savaştı.

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