BOOKS - Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism
Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism - Peter Berkowitz January 18, 1999 PDF  BOOKS
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Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism
Author: Peter Berkowitz
Year: January 18, 1999
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 916 KB
Language: English



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The book "Virtue and the Making of Modern Liberalism" by Peter Berkowitz offers a unique perspective on the evolution of modern liberalism and its relationship with virtue. The author argues that virtue has been neglected in the modern understanding of liberalism, yet it is essential for the survival of humanity and the unity of society. He explores the ideas of four influential thinkers - Hobbes, Locke, Kant, and Mill - and their views on the importance of cultivating virtues such as reflective judgment, sympathetic imagination, self-restraint, cooperation, and toleration. These virtues are crucial for the success of liberal democracy, but they must be balanced with individual liberty. Berkowitz examines how these thinkers approached the concept of virtue while maintaining individual freedom, highlighting the tension between the two. He contends that liberalism needs to combine energy and forbearance to support nongovernmental institutions like the family and voluntary associations, which play a vital role in shaping the virtues necessary for a healthy society.
Книга «Добродетель и создание современного либерализма» Питера Берковица предлагает уникальный взгляд на эволюцию современного либерализма и его связь с добродетелью. Автор утверждает, что добродетелью пренебрегали в современном понимании либерализма, однако она необходима для выживания человечества и единства общества. Он исследует идеи четырех влиятельных мыслителей - Гоббса, Локка, Канта и Милля - и их взгляды на важность культивирования таких добродетелей, как рефлексивное суждение, сочувственное воображение, самоограничение, сотрудничество и терпимость. Эти достоинства имеют решающее значение для успеха либеральной демократии, но они должны быть сбалансированы с индивидуальной свободой. Берковиц рассматривает, как эти мыслители подошли к концепции добродетели, сохраняя свободу личности, подчеркивая напряженность между ними. Он утверждает, что либерализм должен сочетать энергию и терпение для поддержки неправительственных институтов, таких как семья и добровольные ассоциации, которые играют жизненно важную роль в формировании добродетелей, необходимых для здорового общества.
livre « La vertu et la création du libéralisme moderne » de Peter Berkowitz offre une vision unique de l'évolution du libéralisme moderne et de son lien avec la vertu. L'auteur affirme que la vertu a été négligée dans la compréhension moderne du libéralisme, mais qu'elle est nécessaire à la survie de l'humanité et à l'unité de la société. Il explore les idées de quatre penseurs influents - Hobbes, Locke, Kant et Mille - et leur point de vue sur l'importance de cultiver des vertus telles que le jugement réflexe, l'imagination compatissante, la limitation de soi, la coopération et la tolérance. Ces vertus sont essentielles au succès de la démocratie libérale, mais elles doivent être équilibrées avec la liberté individuelle. Berkowitz examine comment ces penseurs ont abordé la notion de vertu en préservant la liberté individuelle, en soulignant les tensions entre eux. Il affirme que le libéralisme doit combiner énergie et patience pour soutenir les institutions non gouvernementales, comme la famille et les associations bénévoles, qui jouent un rôle vital dans la formation des vertus nécessaires à une société saine.
libro «La virtud y la creación del liberalismo moderno» de Peter Berkowitz ofrece una visión única de la evolución del liberalismo moderno y su relación con la virtud. autor sostiene que la virtud ha sido descuidada en la comprensión moderna del liberalismo, pero es necesaria para la supervivencia de la humanidad y la unidad de la sociedad. Explora las ideas de cuatro influyentes pensadores -Hobbes, Locke, Kant y Mill- y sus puntos de vista sobre la importancia de cultivar virtudes como el juicio reflexivo, la imaginación simpática, la autolimitación, la cooperación y la tolerancia. Estas virtudes son cruciales para el éxito de la democracia liberal, pero deben ser equilibradas con la libertad individual. Berkowitz ve cómo estos pensadores se han acercado al concepto de virtud, manteniendo la libertad del individuo, acentuando las tensiones entre ellos. Sostiene que el liberalismo debe combinar energía y paciencia para apoyar a las instituciones no gubernamentales, como la familia y las asociaciones voluntarias, que desempeñan un papel vital en la formación de las virtudes necesarias para una sociedad sana.
O livro «A Virtude e a Criação do Liberalismo Moderno», de Peter Berkowitz, oferece uma visão única sobre a evolução do liberalismo moderno e sua relação com a virtude. O autor afirma que a virtude foi negligenciada na compreensão moderna do liberalismo, mas é essencial para a sobrevivência da humanidade e para a unidade da sociedade. Ele explora as ideias de quatro pensadores influentes - Gobbs, Locke, Kant e Milla - e suas opiniões sobre a importância de cultivar virtudes como o julgamento reflexivo, a imaginação compassiva, a auto-limitação, a cooperação e a tolerância. Essas virtudes são essenciais para o sucesso da democracia liberal, mas devem ser equilibradas com a liberdade individual. Berkowitz vê como esses pensadores abordaram o conceito de virtude, mantendo a liberdade individual, enfatizando as tensões entre eles. Ele afirma que o liberalismo deve combinar energia e paciência para apoiar instituições não governamentais, como a família e associações voluntárias, que têm um papel vital na formação das virtudes necessárias para uma sociedade saudável.
Il libro «La virtù e la creazione del liberalismo moderno» di Peter Berkowitz offre una visione unica dell'evoluzione del liberalismo moderno e del suo legame con la virtù. L'autore sostiene che la virtù è stata trascurata nella comprensione moderna del liberalismo, ma è essenziale per la sopravvivenza dell'umanità e dell'unità della società. Egli esplora le idee di quattro potenti pensatori - Gobbs, Locke, Kant e Mille - e le loro opinioni sull'importanza di coltivare virtù come il giudizio riflessivo, l'immaginazione compassionevole, l'autostima, la cooperazione e la tolleranza. Queste virtù sono fondamentali per il successo della democrazia liberale, ma devono essere bilanciate con la libertà individuale. Berkowitz vede come questi pensatori si sono avvicinati al concetto di virtù, mantenendo la libertà individuale, sottolineando le tensioni tra loro. Sostiene che il liberalismo dovrebbe coniugare energia e pazienza per sostenere le istituzioni non governative, come la famiglia e le associazioni volontarie, che hanno un ruolo fondamentale nella formazione delle virtù necessarie per una società sana.
Das Buch „Die Tugend und die Schöpfung des modernen Liberalismus“ von Peter Berkowitz bietet eine einzigartige Perspektive auf die Entwicklung des modernen Liberalismus und seine Verbindung mit der Tugend. Der Autor argumentiert, dass die Tugend im modernen Verständnis des Liberalismus vernachlässigt wurde, aber für das Überleben der Menschheit und die Einheit der Gesellschaft notwendig ist. Er untersucht die Ideen von vier einflussreichen Denkern - Hobbes, Locke, Kant und Mill - und ihre Ansichten über die Bedeutung der Kultivierung von Tugenden wie reflektierendes Urteilsvermögen, sympathische Vorstellungskraft, Selbstbeschränkung, Zusammenarbeit und Toleranz. Diese Tugenden sind für den Erfolg der liberalen Demokratie von entscheidender Bedeutung, aber sie müssen gegen die individuelle Freiheit abgewogen werden. Berkowitz untersucht, wie sich diese Denker dem Konzept der Tugend näherten, indem sie die Freiheit des Einzelnen bewahrten und die Spannungen zwischen ihnen betonten. Er argumentiert, dass der Liberalismus Energie und Geduld kombinieren muss, um nichtstaatliche Institutionen wie Familie und freiwillige Vereinigungen zu unterstützen, die eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung der Tugenden spielen, die für eine gesunde Gesellschaft notwendig sind.
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Peter Berkowitz'in Modern Liberalizmin Erdemi ve Oluşumu, modern liberalizmin evrimi ve erdemle ilişkisi üzerine eşsiz bir bakış açısı sunuyor. Yazar, modern liberalizm anlamında erdemin ihmal edildiğini, ancak insanlığın hayatta kalması ve toplumun birliği için gerekli olduğunu iddia ediyor. Dört etkili düşünürün - Hobbes, Locke, Kant ve Mill - fikirlerini ve refleksif yargı, sempatik hayal gücü, kendini kısıtlama, işbirliği ve hoşgörü gibi erdemleri geliştirmenin önemi hakkındaki görüşlerini araştırıyor. Bu erdemler liberal demokrasinin başarısı için çok önemlidir, ancak bireysel özgürlükle dengelenmelidirler. Berkowitz, bu düşünürlerin aralarındaki gerilimi vurgulayarak bireysel özgürlüğü korurken erdem kavramına nasıl yaklaştıklarını ele alır. Liberalizmin, sağlıklı bir toplum için gerekli erdemleri şekillendirmede hayati bir rol oynayan aile ve gönüllü dernekler gibi hükümet dışı kurumları desteklemek için enerji ve sabrı birleştirmesi gerektiğini savunuyor.
فضيلة وصنع الليبرالية الحديثة لبيتر بيركويتز يقدم منظورا فريدا لتطور الليبرالية الحديثة وعلاقتها بالفضيلة. ويدعي صاحب البلاغ أن الفضيلة أهملت بالمعنى الحديث لليبرالية، ولكنها ضرورية لبقاء البشرية ووحدة المجتمع. يستكشف أفكار أربعة مفكرين مؤثرين - هوبز ولوك وكانت وميل - وآرائهم حول أهمية تنمية الفضائل مثل الحكم الانعكاسي والخيال المتعاطف وضبط النفس والتعاون والتسامح. هذه الفضائل حاسمة لنجاح الديمقراطية الليبرالية، لكن يجب موازنتها مع الحرية الفردية. يفكر بيركويتز في كيفية تعامل هؤلاء المفكرين مع مفهوم الفضيلة مع الحفاظ على الحرية الفردية من خلال التأكيد على التوتر بينهم. ويقول إن الليبرالية يجب أن تجمع بين الطاقة والصبر لدعم المؤسسات غير الحكومية مثل الأسرة والجمعيات التطوعية، التي تلعب دورًا حيويًا في تشكيل الفضائل اللازمة لمجتمع سليم.

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