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Taxation in Developing Countries: Six Case Studies and Policy Implications (Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia: Challenges in Development and Globalization) - Roger Gordon April 9, 2010 PDF  BOOKS
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Taxation in Developing Countries: Six Case Studies and Policy Implications (Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia: Challenges in Development and Globalization)
Author: Roger Gordon
Year: April 9, 2010
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.8 MB
Language: English



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Taxation in Developing Countries: Six Case Studies and Policy Implications Introduction Taxation plays a vital role in the development of any country, especially in developing nations where it serves as a crucial tool for governments to raise revenue and fund essential public services. However, the process of taxation in these countries is often fraught with challenges, and there is a need to study and understand the evolution of technology to address these issues. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the major aspects of current tax codes and explores their economic and political implications in six case studies from Argentina, Brazil, India, Kenya, Korea, and Russia. These countries represent diverse fiscal problems, and their experiences offer valuable lessons for other developing economies. Case Study 1: Argentina Argentina has a large informal economy, and tax evasion by firms is a significant concern. Despite having high tax rates, tax revenue remains low due to the prevalence of unreported income and the lack of effective tax enforcement. The government has implemented various measures to increase tax collection, such as bank debit taxes and state ownership of firms. However, these methods have had limited success, and the issue of tax evasion remains a pressing challenge.
Налогообложение в развивающихся странах: шесть тематических исследований и последствия для политики Введение Налогообложение играет жизненно важную роль в развитии любой страны, особенно в развивающихся странах, где оно служит для правительств важнейшим инструментом для увеличения доходов и финансирования основных государственных услуг. Однако процесс налогообложения в этих странах часто сопряжен с проблемами, и для решения этих вопросов необходимо изучить и понять эволюцию технологий. В этой книге представлен всесторонний анализ основных аспектов действующих налоговых кодексов и рассматриваются их экономические и политические последствия в шести тематических исследованиях из Аргентины, Бразилии, Индии, Кении, Кореи и России. Эти страны представляют собой разнообразные фискальные проблемы, и их опыт дает ценные уроки для других развивающихся экономик. Пример 1: Аргентина Аргентина имеет большую неформальную экономику, и уклонение от уплаты налогов фирмами является серьезной проблемой. Несмотря на высокие налоговые ставки, налоговые поступления остаются низкими из-за распространенности неучтенных доходов и отсутствия эффективного налогового правоприменения. Правительство реализовало различные меры по повышению собираемости налогов, такие как банковские дебетовые налоги и государственная собственность фирм. Однако эти методы имели ограниченный успех, и проблема уклонения от уплаты налогов остается насущной проблемой.
Fiscalité dans les pays en développement : six études de cas et incidences sur les politiques Introduction La fiscalité joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement de n'importe quel pays, en particulier dans les pays en développement, où elle sert d'outil essentiel aux gouvernements pour augmenter les revenus et financer les services publics de base. Toutefois, le processus fiscal de ces pays pose souvent des problèmes et l'évolution de la technologie doit être étudiée et comprise pour y faire face. Ce livre présente une analyse complète des principaux aspects des codes fiscaux en vigueur et examine leurs incidences économiques et politiques dans six études de cas de l'Argentine, du Brésil, de l'Inde, du Kenya, de la Corée et de la Russie. Ces pays présentent une variété de problèmes fiscaux et leur expérience offre de précieuses leçons à d'autres économies émergentes. Exemple 1 : Argentine L'Argentine a une économie informelle importante et l'évasion fiscale des entreprises est un problème majeur. Malgré des taux d'imposition élevés, les recettes fiscales demeurent faibles en raison de la prévalence des revenus non comptabilisés et de l'absence d'une application fiscale efficace. Gouvernement a mis en œuvre diverses mesures visant à améliorer la perception des impôts, telles que les taxes sur le débit bancaire et la propriété publique des entreprises. Toutefois, ces méthodes ont eu un succès limité et le problème de l'évasion fiscale demeure un problème urgent.
Tributación en los países en desarrollo: seis estudios de casos e implicaciones en materia de políticas Introducción La tributación desempeña un papel vital en el desarrollo de cualquier país, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, donde sirve como instrumento esencial para que los gobiernos aumenten sus ingresos y financien los servicios públicos básicos. n embargo, el proceso impositivo en esos países suele plantear problemas y es necesario examinar y comprender la evolución de la tecnología para abordar esas cuestiones. Este libro presenta un análisis exhaustivo de los principales aspectos de los códigos fiscales vigentes y examina sus implicaciones económicas y políticas en seis estudios de casos de Argentina, Brasil, India, Kenia, Corea y Rusia. Estos países presentan una variedad de problemas fiscales y su experiencia ofrece valiosas lecciones para otras economías emergentes. Ejemplo 1: Argentina Argentina tiene una gran economía informal y la evasión fiscal por parte de las empresas es un gran problema. A pesar de los altos tipos impositivos, los ingresos fiscales siguen siendo bajos debido a la prevalencia de ingresos no contabilizados y a la falta de una aplicación efectiva de los impuestos. gobierno ha implementado diversas medidas para aumentar la recaudación tributaria, como los impuestos de débito bancario y la propiedad estatal de las firmas. n embargo, estos métodos han tenido un éxito limitado y el problema de la evasión fiscal sigue siendo un problema apremiante.
Tributação nos países em desenvolvimento: seis estudos de caso e implicações na política Introdução Tributária tem um papel vital no desenvolvimento de qualquer país, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento, onde serve aos governos como ferramenta essencial para aumentar a renda e financiar os serviços públicos básicos. No entanto, o processo de tributação nesses países é frequentemente desafiador, e é preciso estudar e compreender a evolução da tecnologia para lidar com essas questões. Este livro traz uma análise completa dos principais aspectos dos códigos fiscais vigentes e aborda suas implicações econômicas e políticas em seis estudos de caso da Argentina, Brasil, Índia, Quênia, Coreia e Rússia. Estes países representam uma variedade de problemas fiscais, e suas experiências oferecem lições valiosas para outras economias emergentes. Exemplo 1: a Argentina tem uma grande economia informal e a evasão fiscal por empresas é um grande problema. Apesar das elevadas taxas fiscais, as receitas fiscais continuam baixas devido à prevalência de rendimentos não contabilizados e à falta de aplicação efetiva da lei tributária. O governo implementou várias medidas para aumentar a arrecadação de impostos, como os impostos bancários e a propriedade pública das empresas. No entanto, estes métodos tiveram pouco sucesso, e a evasão fiscal continua a ser um problema urgente.
Tassazione nei paesi in via di sviluppo: sei studi di caso e le implicazioni politiche Introduzione La tassazione svolge un ruolo fondamentale nello sviluppo di qualsiasi paese, soprattutto nei paesi in via di sviluppo, dove serve ai governi uno strumento fondamentale per aumentare il reddito e finanziare i servizi pubblici essenziali. Tuttavia, il processo fiscale in questi paesi spesso presenta problemi, e per affrontare questi problemi è necessario studiare e comprendere l'evoluzione della tecnologia. Questo libro fornisce un'analisi completa dei principali aspetti dei codici fiscali vigenti e ne affronta le implicazioni economiche e politiche in sei studi di caso provenienti da Argentina, Brasile, India, Kenya, Corea e Russia. Questi paesi rappresentano una varietà di problemi fiscali e la loro esperienza offre lezioni preziose per le altre economie emergenti. Esempio 1: l'Argentina ha una grande economia informale e l'evasione fiscale da parte delle imprese è un problema serio. Nonostante le elevate aliquote fiscali, le entrate fiscali restano basse a causa della prevalenza dei redditi non calcolati e della mancanza di un'efficace applicazione fiscale. Il governo ha adottato diverse misure per aumentare la raccolta delle tasse, come le imposte sui debiti bancari e la proprietà pubblica delle aziende. Ma questi metodi hanno avuto un successo limitato e l'evasione fiscale resta un problema urgente.
Besteuerung in Entwicklungsländern: sechs Fallstudien und politische Implikationen Einleitung Die Besteuerung spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für die Entwicklung eines Landes, insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern, wo sie den Regierungen als entscheidendes Instrument zur Erhöhung der Einnahmen und zur Finanzierung wesentlicher öffentlicher Dienstleistungen dient. Der Steuerprozess in diesen Ländern ist jedoch oft mit Problemen verbunden, und um diese Probleme anzugehen, ist es notwendig, die Entwicklung der Technologie zu untersuchen und zu verstehen. Dieses Buch bietet eine umfassende Analyse der wichtigsten Aspekte der aktuellen Steuergesetzbücher und untersucht ihre wirtschaftlichen und politischen Auswirkungen in sechs Fallstudien aus Argentinien, Brasilien, Indien, Kenia, Korea und Russland. Diese Länder stellen eine Vielzahl von fiskalischen Herausforderungen dar, und ihre Erfahrungen bieten wertvolle ktionen für andere Schwellenländer. Beispiel 1: Argentinien Argentinien hat eine große informelle Wirtschaft, und Steuerhinterziehung durch Unternehmen ist ein großes Problem. Trotz hoher Steuersätze bleiben die Steuereinnahmen aufgrund der Prävalenz nicht erfasster Einnahmen und des Fehlens einer wirksamen Steuerdurchsetzung gering. Die Regierung hat verschiedene Maßnahmen ergriffen, um die Steuererhebung zu verbessern, wie z. B. Bankbelastungssteuern und öffentliches Eigentum von Unternehmen. Diese Methoden hatten jedoch nur begrenzten Erfolg, und das Problem der Steuerhinterziehung bleibt ein dringendes Problem.
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Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Vergilendirme: Altı Vaka Çalışması ve Politika Çıkarımları Giriş Vergilendirme, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde herhangi bir ülkenin kalkınmasında hayati bir rol oynar ve burada hükümetler için gelirleri artırmak ve temel kamu hizmetlerini finanse etmek için kritik bir araç olarak hizmet eder. Bununla birlikte, bu ülkelerdeki vergilendirme süreci genellikle zorluklarla doludur ve bu sorunları ele almak için teknolojinin evrimini incelemek ve anlamak gerekir. Bu kitap, mevcut vergi kanunlarının ana yönlerinin kapsamlı bir analizini sunar ve Arjantin, Brezilya, Hindistan, Kenya, Kore ve Rusya'dan altı vaka çalışmasında ekonomik ve politik etkilerini inceler. Bu ülkeler çeşitli mali zorluklar sunmakta ve deneyimleri diğer gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için değerli dersler vermektedir. Örnek 1: Arjantin Arjantin büyük bir kayıt dışı ekonomiye sahiptir ve firmaların vergi kaçakçılığı büyük bir sorundur. Yüksek vergi oranlarına rağmen, hesaplanmamış gelirin yaygınlığı ve etkili vergi uygulamasının olmaması nedeniyle vergi gelirleri düşük kalmaktadır. Hükümet vergi tahsilatını iyileştirmek için banka borç vergileri ve firmaların kamu mülkiyeti gibi çeşitli tedbirler aldı. Ancak, bu yöntemler sınırlı bir başarı elde etti ve vergi kaçakçılığı konusu acil bir konu olmaya devam ediyor.
الضرائب | في البلدان النامية: ست دراسات حالات إفرادية وآثار على السياسات تلعب الضرائب دوراً حيوياً في تنمية أي بلد، لا سيما في البلدان النامية، حيث تعمل كأداة حاسمة للحكومات لزيادة الإيرادات وتمويل الخدمات العامة الأساسية. ومع ذلك، غالبًا ما تكون عملية الضرائب في هذه البلدان محفوفة بالتحديات، ومن الضروري لمعالجة هذه القضايا دراسة وفهم تطور التكنولوجيا. يقدم هذا الكتاب تحليلاً شاملاً للجوانب الرئيسية لقواعد الضرائب الحالية ويبحث آثارها الاقتصادية والسياسية في ست دراسات حالة من الأرجنتين والبرازيل والهند وكينيا وكوريا وروسيا. وتمثل هذه البلدان تحديات مالية متنوعة، وتوفر تجربتها دروسا قيمة للاقتصادات الناشئة الأخرى. المثال 1: الأرجنتين لديها اقتصاد غير رسمي كبير، والتهرب الضريبي من قبل الشركات يمثل مشكلة كبيرة. على الرغم من ارتفاع معدلات الضرائب، لا تزال عائدات الضرائب منخفضة بسبب انتشار الدخل المجهول وعدم وجود إنفاذ ضريبي فعال. نفذت الحكومة تدابير مختلفة لتحسين تحصيل الضرائب، مثل ضرائب الخصم المصرفية والملكية العامة للشركات. ومع ذلك، فقد حققت هذه الأساليب نجاحًا محدودًا ولا تزال قضية التهرب الضريبي قضية ملحة.

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