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Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices
Author: Stephen K. Commins
Year: October 1, 1988
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 61 MB
Language: English



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M. Presbitage The role of the World Bank in Africa's development challenges and responses to them. Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices As the world grapples with the challenges of sustainable development, the continent of Africa faces perhaps the most daunting set of obstacles to overcome. With a rapidly growing population, limited resources, and a history of colonialism and political instability, the path to development is fraught with difficulty. In their book, "Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Hard Questions, Costly Choices authors Stephen Commins, Edward Jaycox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott, and John Presbitage delve into the complex issues facing the continent and the role of the World Bank in addressing these challenges.
M. Presbitage Роль Всемирного банка в проблемах развития Африки и ответы на них. Проблемы развития Африки и Всемирный банк: сложные вопросы, дорогостоящие решения В то время как мир борется с проблемами устойчивого развития, Африканский континент сталкивается, возможно, с самым сложным набором препятствий, которые необходимо преодолеть. С быстро растущим населением, ограниченными ресурсами и историей колониализма и политической нестабильности путь к развитию сопряжен с трудностями. В своей книге «Проблемы развития Африки и Всемирный банк: трудные вопросы, дорогостоящий выбор» авторы Стивен Комминс, Эдвард Джейкокс, Нгуюру Липумба, Моника Муначонга, Роберт Кристиансен, Шерил Кристенсен, Беатрис Эдвардс, Чарльз Эллиотт и Джон Пресбитидж углубляются в сложные проблемы, стоящие перед континентом, и роль Всемирного банка в решении этих проблем.
M. Presbitage rôle de la Banque mondiale dans les problèmes de développement de l'Afrique et les réponses à y apporter. s défis du développement de l'Afrique et de la Banque mondiale : problèmes complexes, solutions coûteuses Alors que le monde est aux prises avec les défis du développement durable, le continent africain est peut-être confronté à l'ensemble des obstacles les plus difficiles à surmonter. Avec la croissance démographique rapide, les ressources limitées et l'histoire du colonialisme et de l'instabilité politique, la voie du développement est difficile. Dans son livre « s défis du développement de l'Afrique et la Banque mondiale : questions difficiles, choix coûteux », les auteurs Stephen Commins, Edward Jacox, Nguuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott et John Preslyott s problèmes complexes auxquels le continent est confronté et le rôle de la Banque mondiale dans la résolution de ces problèmes sont en train d'être approfondis.
M. Presbitage papel del Banco Mundial en los desafíos y respuestas al desarrollo de África. desafíos para el desarrollo de África y el Banco Mundial: cuestiones complejas, soluciones costosas Mientras el mundo lucha contra los desafíos del desarrollo sostenible, el continente africano se enfrenta quizás al conjunto más difícil de obstáculos que deben superarse. Con una población en rápido crecimiento, recursos limitados y una historia de colonialismo e inestabilidad política, el camino hacia el desarrollo es difícil. En su libro «Desafíos para el desarrollo de África y el Banco Mundial: preguntas difíciles, opciones costosas», los autores Stephen Commins, Edward Jaycox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachong, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott y John Presbitage profundiza en los complejos desafíos que enfrenta el continente y el papel del Banco Mundial en la solución de estos problemas.
M. Presbitage O papel e as respostas do Banco Mundial nos desafios do desenvolvimento da África. Desafios para o desenvolvimento da África e do Banco Mundial: questões difíceis, soluções caras Enquanto o mundo luta contra o desenvolvimento sustentável, o continente africano enfrenta talvez o conjunto mais difícil de obstáculos a superar. Com populações em rápido crescimento, recursos limitados e histórico de colonialismo e instabilidade política, o caminho para o desenvolvimento é difícil. Em seu livro «Desafios do desenvolvimento da África e o Banco Mundial: questões difíceis, escolhas caras», os autores Stephen Commins, Edward Jakox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatriz Edwards, Charles Elliott e John Presbitage estão se aprofundando em problemas e o papel do Banco Mundial na solução destes desafios.
M. Presbitage Il ruolo e le risposte della Banca Mondiale per lo sviluppo dell'Africa. Sfide per lo sviluppo dell'Africa e della Banca Mondiale: problemi complessi, soluzioni costose Mentre il mondo affronta le sfide dello sviluppo sostenibile, il continente africano deve affrontare forse la serie più complessa di ostacoli da superare. Con una popolazione in rapida crescita, risorse limitate e una storia di colonialismo e instabilità politica, la strada verso lo sviluppo è difficile. Nel suo libro «Problemi di sviluppo dell'Africa e la Banca Mondiale: domande difficili, scelte costose», gli autori Stephen Commins, Edward Jakox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott e John Presbitage approfondiscono i problemi e il ruolo della Banca Mondiale nell'affrontare queste sfide.
M. Presbitage Die Rolle der Weltbank in den Entwicklungsherausforderungen Afrikas und Antworten darauf. Afrikas Entwicklungsherausforderungen und die Weltbank: komplexe Probleme, kostspielige Lösungen Während die Welt mit den Herausforderungen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu kämpfen hat, steht der afrikanische Kontinent vor den vielleicht schwierigsten Hürden, die es zu überwinden gilt. Mit einer schnell wachsenden Bevölkerung, begrenzten Ressourcen und einer Geschichte des Kolonialismus und der politischen Instabilität ist der Weg zur Entwicklung schwierig. In ihrem Buch „Afrikas Entwicklungsherausforderungen und die Weltbank: Schwierige Fragen, teure Entscheidungen“ gehen die Autoren Stephen Commins, Edward Jaycox, Nguyurou Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott und John Presbitage tiefer in die komplexen die Herausforderungen für den Kontinent und die Rolle der Weltbank bei der Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen.
M. Presbitage תפקידו של הבנק העולמי בתגובות לאתגרי הפיתוח של אפריקה. אתגרי הפיתוח של אפריקה והבנק העולמי: סוגיות מורכבות, פתרונות יקרים ככל שהעולם מתמודד עם האתגרים של פיתוח בר קיימא, יבשת אפריקה ניצבת בפני מערכת המכשולים המורכבת ביותר שיש להתגבר עליה. עם אוכלוסייה ההולכת וגדלה במהירות, משאבים מוגבלים והיסטוריה של קולוניאליזם ואי יציבות פוליטית, הדרך להתפתחות רצופה קשיים. בספרם ”Africa's Development Challenges and the World Bank: Harry Questions, Costly Costly”, הסופרים סטיבן קומינס, אדוארד ג 'ייקוקס, נגויורו ליפומבה, מוניקה מונאצ'ונגה, רוברט כריסטיאנסן, ביאטריס אדואליוט ג 'ון פרסביטאג'מתעמק באתגרים המורכבים העומדים בפני היבשת ובתפקידו של הבנק העולמי בטיפול באתגרים אלה.''
M. Presbitage Dünya Bankası'nın Afrika'nın kalkınma zorluklarındaki rolü ve bunlara verdiği yanıtlar. Afrika'nın Kalkınma Zorlukları ve Dünya Bankası: Karmaşık Sorunlar, Maliyetli Çözümler Dünya sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın zorluklarıyla boğuşurken, Afrika kıtası belki de aşılması gereken en karmaşık engellerle karşı karşıya. Hızla büyüyen bir nüfus, sınırlı kaynaklar ve sömürgecilik ve siyasi istikrarsızlık tarihi ile kalkınma yolu zorluklarla doludur. Yazarlar Stephen Commins, Edward Jaycox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles Elliott ve John Presbitage "Afrika'nın Kalkınma Zorlukları ve Dünya Bankası: Zor Sorular, Maliyetli Seçimler'adlı kitaplarında Kıtanın karşılaştığı karmaşık zorluklar ve Dünya Bankası'nın bu zorlukların ele alınmasındaki rolü.
M. Presbitage دور البنك الدولي واستجاباته للتحديات الإنمائية في أفريقيا. تحديات التنمية في أفريقيا والبنك الدولي: قضايا معقدة، حلول مكلفة بينما يتصارع العالم مع تحديات التنمية المستدامة، ربما تواجه القارة الأفريقية مجموعة من العقبات الأكثر تعقيدًا للتغلب عليها. مع النمو السكاني السريع والموارد المحدودة وتاريخ الاستعمار وعدم الاستقرار السياسي، فإن الطريق إلى التنمية محفوف بالصعوبات. في كتابهم «تحديات التنمية في إفريقيا والبنك الدولي: أسئلة صعبة، خيارات مكلفة»، المؤلفون ستيفن كومينز، إدوارد جايكوكس، نجويورو ليبومبا، مونيكا موناشونجا، روبرت كريستيانسن، شيريل كريستنسن، بياتريس إدواردز، تشارلز يتعمق إليوت وجون بريسبيتاج في التحديات المعقدة التي تواجه القارة ودور البنك الدولي في مواجهة هذه التحديات.
M. Presbitage 아프리카의 개발 과제에 대한 세계 은행의 역할과 대응. 아프리카의 개발 과제와 세계 은행: 복잡한 문제, 비용이 많이 드는 해결책 세계가 지속 가능한 개발의 과제에 맞서면서 아프리카 대륙은 극복해야 할 가장 복잡한 장애물에 직면 할 것입니다. 빠르게 증가하는 인구, 제한된 자원 및 식민지주의와 정치적 불안정의 역사로 인해 개발의 길은 어려움을 겪고 있습니다. "아프리카의 개발 도전과 세계 은행: 어려운 질문, 비용이 많이 드는 선택", 저자 Stephen Commins, Edward Jaycox, Nguyuru Lipumba, Monica Munachonga, Robert Christiansen, Cheryl Christensen, Beatrice Edwards, Charles, John Presbitage 은행에서
M. Presbitage世界銀行在非洲發展問題中的作用和對策。非洲的發展挑戰和世界銀行:復雜的問題、昂貴的解決辦法當世界面臨可持續發展挑戰時,非洲大陸可能面臨一系列最復雜的障礙。隨著人口迅速增長、資源有限以及殖民主義和政治不穩定的歷史,發展道路面臨挑戰。作者Stephen Commins,Edward Jacox,Nguyuru Lipumba,Monica Munachonga,Robert Christiansen,Cheryl Christensen,Beatrice Edwards,Charles Elliott和John Presbitage在他們的著作《非洲的發展挑戰與世界銀行:艱難的問題,昂貴的選擇》中。深入探討非洲大陸面臨的挑戰和世界銀行在應對這些挑戰方面的作用。

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