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Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic - Joshua R. Greenberg June 12, 2020 PDF  BOOKS
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Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic
Author: Joshua R. Greenberg
Year: June 12, 2020
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 40 MB
Language: English



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Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic In the early days of the United States, before the Civil War, the proliferation of loosely regulated banks and the lack of a uniform federal currency created a chaotic landscape of paper money. There were over 10000 unique and legal bank notes in circulation, along with countless counterfeit bills and questionable shinplasters issued by unregulated merchants, firms, and municipalities. This led to a facetoface discussion over the value of these financial instruments, often manipulative in nature, separate from haggling over the price of goods or services. In Bank Notes and Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg delves into the history of how ordinary Americans navigated this complex financial terrain, developing the ability to analyze the value of paper money, assess the strength of banking institutions, and track legislative changes that affected currency circulation. Through a comprehensive examination of evidence found in fiction, correspondence, newspapers, ephemera, government documents, and even on the money itself, Greenberg demonstrates how the material culture of cash is intertwined with financial, political, and intellectual history.
Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic В первые дни существования США, до Гражданской войны, распространение слабо регулируемых банков и отсутствие единой федеральной валюты создали хаотичный ландшафт бумажных денег. В обращении находилось более 10000 уникальных и легальных банкнот, а также бесчисленные поддельные купюры и сомнительные пластыри, выпущенные нерегулируемыми торговцами, фирмами и муниципалитетами. Это привело к откровенной дискуссии о стоимости этих финансовых инструментов, часто манипулятивных по своей природе, отдельно от торга по поводу цен на товары или услуги. В Bank Notes и Shinplasters Джошуа Гринберг (Joshua R. Greenberg) углубляется в историю того, как простые американцы ориентировались в этой сложной финансовой местности, развивая способность анализировать стоимость бумажных денег, оценивать силу банковских учреждений и отслеживать законодательные изменения, которые повлияли на обращение валюты. Посредством всестороннего изучения доказательств, найденных в художественной литературе, переписке, газетах, эфемерах, правительственных документах и даже на самих деньгах, Гринберг демонстрирует, как материальная культура наличных денег переплетается с финансовой, политической и интеллектуальной историей.
Bank Notes and Shinplasters : The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic Dans les premiers jours de l'existence des États-Unis, avant la guerre civile, la prolifération des banques mal réglementées et l'absence d'une monnaie fédérale unique ont créé un paysage chaotique de papier. Il y avait plus de 10 000 billets de banque uniques et légaux en circulation, ainsi que d'innombrables faux billets et plâtres douteux émis par des commerçants, des entreprises et des municipalités non réglementés. Cela a conduit à une discussion franche sur le coût de ces instruments financiers, souvent manipulateurs par nature, séparément de la négociation sur les prix des biens ou des services. Dans Bank Notes and Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg est en train d'approfondir l'histoire de la façon dont les Américains ordinaires se sont orientés dans ce domaine financier complexe, en développant la capacité d'analyser la valeur de la monnaie papier, d'évaluer la force des institutions bancaires et de suivre les changements législatifs qui ont influencé la circulation des devises. Grâce à une étude approfondie des preuves trouvées dans la fiction, la correspondance, les journaux, les éphémères, les documents gouvernementaux et même sur l'argent lui-même, Greenberg montre comment la culture matérielle de l'argent est liée à l'histoire financière, politique et intellectuelle.
Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic En los primeros días de los Estados Unidos, antes de la Guerra Civil, la proliferación de bancos poco regulados y la falta de una moneda federal única crearon un panorama caótico de papel moneda. En circulación había más de 10.000 billetes únicos y legales, así como innumerables billetes falsos y parches dudosos emitidos por comerciantes, firmas y ayuntamientos no regulados. Esto llevó a un debate franco sobre el valor de estos instrumentos financieros, a menudo manipulables por naturaleza, separados de la negociación sobre los precios de los bienes o servicios. En Bank Notes y Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg profundiza en la historia de cómo los estadounidenses comunes navegaron por este complejo terreno financiero, desarrollando la capacidad de analizar el valor del papel dinero, evaluar la fortaleza de las instituciones bancarias y monitorear los cambios legislativos que afectaron la circulación de la moneda. A través de un estudio exhaustivo de las evidencias encontradas en la ficción, correspondencia, periódicos, efímeros, documentos gubernamentales e incluso en el propio dinero, Greenberg demuestra cómo la cultura material del dinero en efectivo se entrelaza con la historia financiera, política e intelectual.
Banco de Notas e Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic Nos primeiros dias de existência dos EUA, antes da Guerra Civil, a proliferação de bancos pouco regulados e a falta de uma moeda única federal criaram uma paisagem caótica de papel. Havia mais de 10.000 notas únicas e legais em circulação, além de inúmeras notas falsas e parafusos duvidosos emitidos por comerciantes, empresas e municípios não regulados. Isso levou a um debate franco sobre o custo desses instrumentos financeiros, muitas vezes manipulados por natureza, separado da negociação sobre preços de bens ou serviços. No Bank Note e no Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg aprofundou-se na história de como os americanos comuns se basearam nesta área financeira complexa, desenvolvendo a capacidade de analisar o valor do dinheiro em papel, avaliar o poder das instituições bancárias e monitorar as mudanças legais que afetaram a circulação da moeda. Através de um exame abrangente das provas encontradas na ficção, correspondência, jornais, efêmeros, documentos do governo e até no próprio dinheiro, Greenberg demonstra como a cultura material do dinheiro em dinheiro é intercalada com a história financeira, política e intelectual.
Bank Note and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic I primi giorni di vita degli Stati Uniti, prima della Guerra Civile, la diffusione di banche poco regolate e l'assenza di moneta unica hanno creato un panorama caotico di denaro cartaceo. Erano in circolazione oltre 10.000 banconote uniche e legali, oltre a innumerevoli banconote false e cerotti discutibili emessi da commercianti, aziende e municipi non regolamentati. Ciò ha portato ad un dibattito esplicito sul valore di questi strumenti finanziari, spesso manipolabili per natura, separatamente dal negoziato sui prezzi di beni o servizi. In Bank Note e Shinplasters, Joshua R. Greenberg sta approfondendo la storia di come i comuni americani si siano orientati in questo complesso terreno finanziario, sviluppando la capacità di analizzare il costo del denaro cartaceo, valutare il potere delle istituzioni bancarie e monitorare i cambiamenti legislativi che hanno influenzato la circolazione della valuta. Attraverso un esame completo delle prove trovate nella letteratura artistica, nella corrispondenza, nei giornali, negli efemeri, nei documenti governativi e anche sul denaro stesso, Greenberg dimostra come la cultura materiale del denaro contante si intrecci con la storia finanziaria, politica e intellettuale.
Bank Notes and Shinplasters: The Rage for Paper Money in the Early Republic In den frühen Tagen der USA, vor dem Bürgerkrieg, schufen die Ausbreitung von schwach regulierten Banken und das Fehlen einer einheitlichen Bundeswährung eine chaotische Papiergeldlandschaft. Im Umlauf waren mehr als 10.000 einzigartige und legale Banknoten sowie unzählige gefälschte Banknoten und fragwürdige Pflaster, die von unregulierten Händlern, Firmen und Kommunen ausgegeben wurden. Dies hat zu einer offenen Diskussion über die Kosten dieser Finanzinstrumente geführt, die oft manipulativer Natur sind, getrennt vom Feilschen über die Preise von Waren oder Dienstleistungen. In Bank Notes und Shinplasters geht Joshua R. Greenberg tiefer in die Geschichte ein, wie gewöhnliche Amerikaner in diesem schwierigen finanziellen Terrain navigieren und die Fähigkeit entwickeln, den Wert von Papiergeld zu analysieren, die Stärke von Bankinstituten zu bewerten und die Gesetzesänderungen zu verfolgen, die den Umlauf der Währung beeinflusst haben. Durch eine umfassende Untersuchung der Beweise, die in Fiktion, Korrespondenz, Zeitungen, Ephemeren, Regierungsdokumenten und sogar auf dem Geld selbst gefunden wurden, zeigt Greenberg, wie die materielle Kultur des Bargelds mit der finanziellen, politischen und intellektuellen Geschichte verwoben ist.
Notes and Shinflasters: הזעם על כספי הנייר ברפובליקה המוקדמת של ארצות הברית, לפני מלחמת האזרחים, ההתפשטות של בנקים רופפים והיעדר מטבע פדרלי יחיד יצרו נוף כאוטי של כסף נייר. יותר מ-10,000 שטרות ייחודיים וחוקיים הופצו, כמו גם אינספור שטרות מזוייפים ופלסטרים מפוקפקים שהונפקו על ידי סוחרים, חברות ועיריות לא מוסדרות. זה הוביל לוויכוח גלוי על ערכם של מכשירים פיננסיים אלה, לעתים קרובות מניפולטיביים בטבע, בנפרד ממיקוח על מחירי הסחורות או השירותים. ב-Bank Notes and Shinflasters, ג 'ושוע ר'גרינברג מתעמק בהיסטוריה של איך אמריקאים רגילים ניווטו את השטח הפיננסי הקשה הזה, פיתחו את היכולת לנתח את הערך של כסף נייר, להעריך את החוזק של מוסדות בנקאיים, ולעקוב אחר שינויים חקיקתיים שהשפיעו על מחזור המטבע. באמצעות בחינה מקיפה של הראיות המצויות בספרות, בהתכתבות, בעיתונים, באפמרה, במסמכים ממשלתיים ואפילו בכסף עצמו, מדגים גרינברג כיצד התרבות החומרית של המזומנים שזורה בהיסטוריה הפיננסית, הפוליטית והאינטלקטואלית.''
Banknotlar ve Shinplasters: Erken Cumhuriyet'te Kağıt Paranın Öfkesi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin ilk günlerinde, İç Savaş'tan önce, gevşek bir şekilde düzenlenmiş bankaların çoğalması ve tek bir federal para biriminin yokluğu kaotik bir kağıt para manzarası yarattı. 10.000'den fazla benzersiz ve yasal banknotun yanı sıra sayısız sahte banknot ve düzenlenmemiş tüccarlar, firmalar ve belediyeler tarafından verilen şüpheli sıvalar dolaşımdaydı. Bu, genellikle manipülatif nitelikteki bu finansal araçların değeri hakkında, mal veya hizmetlerin fiyatları üzerindeki pazarlıktan ayrı olarak açık bir tartışmaya yol açmıştır. Joshua R. Greenberg, Bank Notes ve Shinplasters'da sıradan Amerikalıların bu zorlu finansal arazide nasıl gezindiklerini, kağıt paranın değerini analiz etme, bankacılık kurumlarının gücünü değerlendirme ve para dolaşımını etkileyen yasal değişiklikleri izleme yeteneğini geliştirdiklerini anlatıyor. Kurguda, yazışmalarda, gazetelerde, efemera'da, hükümet belgelerinde ve hatta paranın kendisinde bulunan kanıtların kapsamlı bir incelemesiyle Greenberg, maddi para kültürünün finansal, politik ve entelektüel tarihle nasıl iç içe geçtiğini göstermektedir.
سندات البنك واللامعات: الغضب من أجل المال الورقي في أوائل الجمهورية في الأيام الأولى للولايات المتحدة، قبل الحرب الأهلية، أدى انتشار البنوك الخاضعة للتنظيم الفضفاض وعدم وجود عملة فيدرالية واحدة إلى خلق مشهد فوضوي للأموال الورقية. تم تداول أكثر من 10000 ورقة نقدية فريدة وقانونية، بالإضافة إلى عدد لا يحصى من الفواتير المزيفة واللصقات المشكوك فيها الصادرة عن التجار والشركات والبلديات غير الخاضعة للتنظيم. وقد أدى ذلك إلى نقاش صريح حول قيمة هذه الأدوات المالية، التي غالبًا ما تكون متلاعبة بطبيعتها، بمعزل عن المساومة على أسعار السلع أو الخدمات. في Bank Notes and Shinplasters، يتعمق Joshua R. Greenberg في تاريخ كيفية تنقل الأمريكيين العاديين في هذه التضاريس المالية الصعبة، وتطوير القدرة على تحليل قيمة النقود الورقية، وتقييم قوة المؤسسات المصرفية، وتتبع التغييرات التشريعية التي أثرت على تداول العملة. من خلال فحص شامل للأدلة الموجودة في الخيال والمراسلات والصحف والزائلة والوثائق الحكومية وحتى على الأموال نفسها، يوضح جرينبيرج كيف تتشابك الثقافة المادية للنقد مع التاريخ المالي والسياسي والفكري.
은행 메모 및 신장: 초기 공화국의 종이 화폐에 대한 분노 미국 초기, 남북 전쟁 이전에 느슨하게 규제되는 은행의 확산과 단일 연방 통화의 부재는 혼란스러운 풍경을 만들었습니다. 돈. 규제되지 않은 상인, 회사 및 지방 자치 단체가 발행 한 수많은 위조 법안과 모호한 석고뿐만 아니라 10,000 개가 넘는 독특하고 합법적 인 지폐가 유통되었습니다. 이로 인해 상품이나 서비스의 가격에 대한 협상과는 별개로, 종종 본질적으로 조작되는 이러한 금융 상품의 가치에 대한 솔직한 토론이 이루어졌습니다. Bank Notes 및 Shinplasters에서 Joshua R. Greenberg는 일반 미국인들이이 어려운 금융 지형을 탐색하여 지폐의 가치를 분석하고 은행 기관의 강점을 평가하며 통화 순환에 영향을 미치는 입법 변화를 추적하는 능력을 개발하는 방법의 역사를 탐구합니다. Greenberg는 소설, 서신, 신문, ephemera, 정부 문서 및 돈 자체에서 발견 된 증거에 대한 포괄적 인 검토를 통해 현금의 물질적 문화가 재정적, 정치적, 지적 역사와 어떻게 얽혀 있는지 보여줍니다.
銀行票據和發行商:早期共和國紙幣的憤怒在美國成立初期,在內戰之前,監管松散的銀行的擴散和缺乏單一的聯邦貨幣造成了紙幣的混亂景觀。流通中有10,000多種獨特且合法的鈔票,以及不受管制的商人,公司和市政當局發行的無數偽造鈔票和可疑補丁。這引發了關於這些金融工具的價值的坦率討論,這些工具通常本質上是操縱性的,與有關商品或服務價格的討價還價分開。在Bank Notes and Shinplasters,Joshua R. Greenberg通過發展分析紙幣價值、評估銀行機構的實力和跟蹤影響貨幣流通的立法變革的能力,深入探討普通美國人如何駕馭這一復雜金融領域的歷史。通過對小說,書信,報紙,短信,政府文件甚至金錢本身中發現的證據的全面研究,格林伯格展示了金錢的物質文化如何與金融,政治和智力歷史交織在一起。

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