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What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life - Phil Zuckerman September 10, 2019 PDF  BOOKS
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What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life
Author: Phil Zuckerman
Year: September 10, 2019
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 3.8 MB
Language: English



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What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life In his thought-provoking book, What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Necessary for Living an Ethical Life, Phil Zuckerman presents a compelling argument that morality does not stem from religious beliefs, but rather from human evolution, cultural development, and our ability to reason and empathize with others. He challenges the notion that morality is solely based on divine commands, instead positing that our capacity for moral behavior stems from our own cognitive abilities and social experiences. This well-researched and accessible text offers a comprehensive introduction to religious skepticism and deconstructs religious arguments for God-based morality, providing readers with a framework for understanding the major challenges facing the world today, such as global warming, growing inequality, and unethical political policies. Zuckerman begins by examining the premises and promises of secular morality, highlighting the importance of reason, empathy, and human experience in shaping our moral values. He then delves into the limitations of religious morality, demonstrating how it often fails to address the complex issues of our time. Through this lens, he explores the role of religion in perpetuating harmful practices, such as justifying violence and discrimination in the name of faith.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Почему религия не нужна для жизни этичной жизнью, Фил Цукерман приводит убедительный аргумент, что мораль проистекает не из религиозных убеждений, а скорее из эволюции человека, культурного развития и нашей способности рассуждать и сопереживать другим. Он оспаривает представление о том, что мораль основана исключительно на божественных заповедях, вместо этого утверждая, что наша способность к моральному поведению проистекает из наших собственных когнитивных способностей и социального опыта. Этот хорошо изученный и доступный текст предлагает всеобъемлющее введение в религиозный скептицизм и деконструирует религиозные аргументы в пользу основанной на Боге морали, предоставляя читателям основу для понимания основных проблем, стоящих сегодня перед миром, таких как глобальное потепление, растущее неравенство и неэтичная политическая политика. Цукерман начинает с изучения предпосылок и обещаний светской морали, подчеркивая важность разума, эмпатии и человеческого опыта в формировании наших моральных ценностей. Затем он углубляется в ограничения религиозной морали, демонстрируя, как она часто не в состоянии решить сложные вопросы нашего времени. Через эту линзу он исследует роль религии в увековечивании вредных практик, таких как оправдание насилия и дискриминации во имя веры.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Pourquoi la religion n'est pas nécessaire pour vivre une vie éthique, Phil Zuckerman donne l'argument convaincant que la morale ne provient pas de croyances religieuses, mais plutôt de l'évolution de l'homme, du développement culturel et de notre capacité à raisonner et à empathie avec les autres. Il conteste l'idée que la morale est uniquement basée sur les commandements divins, affirmant plutôt que notre capacité de comportement moral provient de nos propres capacités cognitives et expériences sociales. Ce texte bien étudié et accessible offre une introduction complète au scepticisme religieux et déconstruit les arguments religieux en faveur d'une morale basée sur Dieu, fournissant aux lecteurs une base pour comprendre les principaux défis auxquels le monde est confronté aujourd'hui, tels que le réchauffement climatique, les inégalités croissantes et les politiques politiques contraires à l'éthique. Zuckerman commence par étudier les prémisses et les promesses de la morale laïque, en soulignant l'importance de la raison, de l'empathie et de l'expérience humaine dans la formation de nos valeurs morales. Il s'enfonce ensuite dans les limites de la morale religieuse, montrant à quel point elle est souvent incapable de résoudre les problèmes complexes de notre époque. À travers cette lentille, il explore le rôle de la religion dans la perpétuation de pratiques néfastes telles que la justification de la violence et de la discrimination au nom de la foi.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Por qué la religión no es necesaria para vivir una vida ética, Phil Zuckerman da un argumento convincente de que la moral no proviene de creencias religiosas, sino más bien de la evolución humana, el desarrollo cultural y nuestra capacidad de razonar y empatizar con los demás. Desafía la noción de que la moralidad se basa exclusivamente en los mandamientos divinos, argumentando en cambio que nuestra capacidad de conducta moral deriva de nuestras propias capacidades cognitivas y experiencias sociales. Este texto, bien estudiado y accesible, ofrece una amplia introducción al escepticismo religioso y deconstruye los argumentos religiosos a favor de una moral basada en Dios, proporcionando a los lectores una base para comprender los principales desafíos que enfrenta el mundo de hoy, como el calentamiento global, la creciente desigualdad y las políticas políticas poco éticas. Zuckerman comienza estudiando las premisas y promesas de la moral secular, destacando la importancia de la razón, la empatía y la experiencia humana en la formación de nuestros valores morales. A continuación, profundiza en las limitaciones de la moral religiosa, demostrando cuán a menudo es incapaz de resolver los problemas complejos de nuestro tiempo. A través de esta lente, explora el papel de la religión en la perpetuación de prácticas nocivas como la justificación de la violencia y la discriminación en nombre de la fe.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Por que a religião não é necessária para a vida ética, Phil Zuckerberg apresenta o argumento convincente de que a moral não decorre de crenças religiosas, mas sim da evolução humana, do desenvolvimento cultural e da nossa capacidade de raciocinar e ter empatia com os outros. Ele contesta a ideia de que a moral é baseada exclusivamente nos mandamentos divinos, ao invés de afirmar que a nossa capacidade de comportamento moral decorre das nossas próprias habilidades cognitivas e experiências sociais. Este texto bem estudado e acessível propõe uma introdução abrangente ao ceticismo religioso e decodifica os argumentos religiosos a favor da moralidade baseada em Deus, oferecendo aos leitores uma base para compreender os principais desafios que o mundo enfrenta hoje, como o aquecimento global, as crescentes desigualdades e políticas políticas pouco éticas. Zuckerberg começa por estudar as premissas e promessas da moral secular, enfatizando a importância da mente, da empatia e da experiência humana na formação dos nossos valores morais. Depois, aprofundou-se nas limitações da moral religiosa, mostrando como muitas vezes ela é incapaz de resolver questões complexas do nosso tempo. Através desta lente, ele explora o papel da religião na perpetuação de práticas nocivas, como a justificação da violência e da discriminação em nome da fé.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Perché la religione non è necessaria per vivere una vita etica, Phil Zuckerberg sostiene in modo convincente che la morale non deriva dalle convinzioni religiose, ma piuttosto dall'evoluzione umana, dallo sviluppo culturale e dalla nostra capacità di ragionare ed empatizzare con gli altri. Egli contesta l'idea che la morale sia basata esclusivamente sui comandamenti divini, sostenendo invece che la nostra capacità di comportamento morale deriva dalle nostre capacità cognitive e dall'esperienza sociale. Questo testo ben studiato e accessibile offre un'introduzione completa allo scetticismo religioso e decodifica gli argomenti religiosi a favore della moralità basata su Dio, fornendo ai lettori la base per comprendere i principali problemi che il mondo deve affrontare oggi, come il riscaldamento globale, le crescenti disuguaglianze e le politiche non etiche. Zuckerberg inizia studiando i presupposti e le promesse della morale laica, sottolineando l'importanza della ragione, dell'empatia e dell'esperienza umana nella formazione dei nostri valori morali. Poi si approfondisce nel vincolo della morale religiosa, dimostrando come spesso non è in grado di risolvere le complesse questioni del nostro tempo. Attraverso questa lente, esplora il ruolo della religione nel perpetuare pratiche dannose, come la giustificazione della violenza e della discriminazione in nome della fede.
What It Means to Be Moral: Why Religion Is Not Needed for Living a Ethical Life В своей книге "What It Means to Be Moral: Warum Religion nicht notwendig ist, um ein ethisches ben zu führen, argumentiert Phil Zuckerman überzeugend, dass Moral nicht von religiösen Überzeugungen herrührt, sondern von der menschlichen Evolution, der kulturellen Entwicklung und unserer Fähigkeit, zu argumentieren und uns in andere einzufühlen. Er bestreitet die Vorstellung, dass Moral ausschließlich auf göttlichen Geboten beruht, und argumentiert stattdessen, dass unsere Fähigkeit zu moralischem Verhalten von unseren eigenen kognitiven Fähigkeiten und sozialen Erfahrungen herrührt. Dieser gut recherchierte und zugängliche Text bietet eine umfassende Einführung in religiöse Skepsis und dekonstruiert religiöse Argumente für eine auf Gott basierende Moral und bietet den sern eine Grundlage, um die großen Herausforderungen zu verstehen, vor denen die Welt heute steht, wie die globale Erwärmung, wachsende Ungleichheit und unethische politische Maßnahmen. Zuckerman beginnt mit einer Untersuchung der Prämissen und Versprechen der säkularen Moral und betont die Bedeutung von Vernunft, Empathie und menschlicher Erfahrung bei der Gestaltung unserer moralischen Werte. Dann geht er tiefer in die Grenzen der religiösen Moral und zeigt, wie sie oft nicht in der Lage ist, die komplexen Fragen unserer Zeit zu lösen. Durch diese Linse untersucht er die Rolle der Religion bei der Aufrechterhaltung schädlicher Praktiken wie der Rechtfertigung von Gewalt und Diskriminierung im Namen des Glaubens.
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Ahlaklı Olmanın Anlamı: Etik Bir Yaşam Sürmek İçin Neden Din Gerekli Değildir В своей книге "Ahlaklı Olmanın Anlamı: Neden etik bir hayat yaşamak için dine ihtiyaç duyulmuyor, Phil Zuckerman, ahlakın dini inançtan değil, insan evriminden, kültürel gelişimden ve başkalarıyla akıl yürütme ve empati kurma yeteneğimizden kaynaklandığına dair zorlayıcı bir argüman ortaya koyuyor. Ahlakın yalnızca ilahi ilkelere dayandığı fikrine itiraz ediyor, bunun yerine ahlaki davranış kapasitemizin kendi bilişsel yeteneklerimizden ve sosyal deneyimlerimizden kaynaklandığını savunuyor. Bu iyi araştırılmış ve erişilebilir metin, dini şüpheciliğe kapsamlı bir giriş sunar ve okuyuculara küresel ısınma, artan eşitsizlik ve etik olmayan politik politikalar gibi bugün dünyanın karşı karşıya olduğu başlıca sorunları anlamak için bir çerçeve sağlayarak, Tanrı temelli ahlak için dini argümanları yapılandırır. Zuckerman, laik ahlakın öncüllerini ve vaatlerini inceleyerek, ahlaki değerlerimizi şekillendirmede aklın, empatinin ve insan deneyiminin önemini vurgulayarak başlar. Daha sonra, dini ahlakın sınırlamalarını inceleyerek, zamanımızın karmaşık sorularını ele almanın nasıl başarısız olduğunu gösteriyor. Bu mercekle, dinin inanç adına şiddeti ve ayrımcılığı haklı çıkarmak gibi zararlı uygulamaları sürdürmedeki rolünü araştırıyor.
ماذا يعني أن تكون أخلاقيًا: لماذا لا يلزم الدين لعيش حياة أخلاقية В своей "книге ماذا يعني أن تكون أخلاقيًا: لماذا لا يلزم الدين ليعيش حياة أخلاقية، يقدم فيل زوكرمان حجة مقنعة مفادها أن الأخلاق لا تنبع من المعتقد الديني، بل من التطور البشري والتطور الثقافي وقدرتنا على التفكير والتعاطف مع الآخرين. يجادل في فكرة أن الأخلاق تستند فقط إلى المبادئ الإلهية، وبدلاً من ذلك يجادل بأن قدرتنا على السلوك الأخلاقي تنبع من قدراتنا المعرفية وتجاربنا الاجتماعية. يقدم هذا النص الذي تم بحثه جيدًا ويمكن الوصول إليه مقدمة شاملة للشكوك الدينية ويفكك الحجج الدينية للأخلاق القائمة على الله، مما يوفر للقراء إطارًا لفهم القضايا الرئيسية التي تواجه العالم اليوم، مثل الاحتباس الحراري، وتزايد عدم المساواة، و السياسات السياسية غير الأخلاقية. يبدأ زوكرمان بفحص منطلقات ووعود الأخلاق العلمانية، والتأكيد على أهمية العقل والتعاطف والتجربة الإنسانية في تشكيل قيمنا الأخلاقية. ثم يتعمق في قيود الأخلاق الدينية، موضحًا كيف أنها غالبًا ما تفشل في معالجة الأسئلة المعقدة في عصرنا. من خلال هذه العدسة، يستكشف دور الدين في إدامة الممارسات الضارة مثل تبرير العنف والتمييز باسم العقيدة.

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