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Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma - Circe Sturm January 1, 2002 PDF  BOOKS
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Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
Author: Circe Sturm
Year: January 1, 2002
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.1 MB
Language: English



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Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma In her groundbreaking book, Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, Circe Sturm delves into one of the most contentious and pressing issues in the United States - race and national identity - by focusing on the Oklahoma Cherokee. Through a unique blend of contemporary ethnography and ethnohistory, Sturm examines how Cherokee identity is socially and politically constructed, and how this process is intimately tied to ideas of blood, color, and race. A Century of Change Just over a century ago, the range of blood degrees among Cherokee citizens varied greatly, from full blood to 1/256. However, today, this range has expanded significantly, spanning from full blood to an astonishing 1/2048. This shift raises important questions about the symbolic significance of blood and the extent to which racial blending can occur before the Cherokee are no longer considered a distinct people. Moreover, it highlights the dangers of linking racial and national identities to blood.
Политика крови: раса, культура и идентичность в нации чероки в Оклахоме В своей новаторской книге «Политика крови: раса, культура и идентичность в нации чероки в Оклахоме» Цирс Штурм углубляется в один из самых спорных и насущных вопросов в Соединенных Штатах - раса и национальная идентичность - сосредоточив внимание на Оклахома Чероки. Благодаря уникальному сочетанию современной этнографии и этноистории, Штурм исследует, как социально и политически построена идентичность чероки, и как этот процесс тесно связан с идеями крови, цвета кожи и расы. Столетие перемен Чуть более века назад диапазон степеней крови среди граждан чероки сильно различался, от полной крови до 1/256. Однако сегодня этот диапазон значительно расширился, простираясь от полной крови до удивительного 1/2048. Этот сдвиг поднимает важные вопросы о символическом значении крови и степени, в которой расовое смешение может произойти до того, как чероки перестанут считаться отдельным народом. Кроме того, он подчеркивает опасность связи расовой и национальной идентичности с кровью.
La politique du sang : race, culture et identité dans la nation Cherokee en Oklahoma Dans son livre novateur « La politique du sang : race, culture et identité dans la nation Cherokee en Oklahoma », Cyrs Sturm s'intéresse à l'une des questions les plus controversées et les plus urgentes aux États-Unis - la race et l'identité nationale - le lachome de Cherokee. Grâce à un mélange unique d'ethnographie moderne et d'ethnohistoire, Sturm explore comment l'identité cherokee est construite socialement et politiquement, et comment ce processus est étroitement lié aux idées de sang, de couleur et de race. Un siècle de changement Il y a un peu plus d'un siècle, la gamme des degrés de sang parmi les citoyens cherokee variait considérablement, allant du sang plein au 1/256. Aujourd'hui, cependant, cette gamme s'est considérablement élargie, s'étendant du sang complet à l'étonnant 1/2048. Ce changement soulève des questions importantes sur la signification symbolique du sang et la mesure dans laquelle le mélange racial peut se produire avant que les Cherokee ne soient considérés comme un peuple distinct. En outre, il souligne les dangers du lien entre l'identité raciale et nationale et le sang.
Política de Sangre: Raza, Cultura e Identidad en la Nación Cherokee en Oklahoma En su libro pionero «Política de Sangre: Raza, Cultura e Identidad en la Nación Cherokee en Oklahoma», Circe Sturm profundiza en uno de los temas más controvertidos y acuciantes en Estados Unidos: raza e identidad nacional - Centrándose en Oklahoma Cherokee. Con una combinación única de etnografía moderna y etnohistoria, Sturm explora cómo se construye social y políticamente la identidad cherokee, y cómo este proceso está estrechamente relacionado con las ideas de sangre, color y raza. poco más de un siglo, el rango de grados de sangre entre los ciudadanos cherokee variaba enormemente, desde sangre llena hasta 1/256. n embargo, hoy este rango se ha expandido considerablemente, extendiéndose desde la sangre llena hasta el sorprendente 1/2048. Este cambio plantea preguntas importantes sobre el significado simbólico de la sangre y el grado en que la mezcla racial puede ocurrir antes de que los Cherokee dejen de ser considerados un pueblo separado. Además, subraya el peligro de vincular la identidad racial y nacional con la sangre.
Política sanguínea: raça, cultura e identidade na nação cherokee em Oklahoma Em seu livro inovador «Política sanguínea: raça, cultura e identidade em uma nação cherokee em Oklahoma», Cires Sturm está se aprofundando em uma das questões mais controversas e urgentes dos Estados Unidos - raça e identidade nacional - focando em Oklahoma Cherokee. Através de uma combinação única de etnografia moderna e etnoistoria, Sturm explora como a identidade do Cherokee foi construída socialmente e politicamente, e como este processo está intimamente ligado às ideias de sangue, cor e raça. Há pouco mais de um século, a faixa de graus de sangue entre os cidadãos cherokee variava muito, de sangue cheio a 1/256. No entanto, esta faixa expandiu-se muito, estendendo-se desde o sangue cheio até ao surpreendente 1/2048. Esta mudança levanta questões importantes sobre o significado simbólico do sangue e o grau em que a mistura racial pode ocorrer antes que os cherokee deixem de ser considerados um povo. Além disso, ele enfatiza o perigo da associação da identidade racial e nacional com o sangue.
Politica del sangue: razza, cultura e identità nella nazione Cherokee in Oklahoma Nel suo libro innovativo «Politica del sangue: razza, cultura e identità nella nazione Cherokee in Oklahoma», Cyres Stormo sta approfondendo una delle questioni più controverse e urgenti negli Stati Uniti - razza e identità nazionale - concentrandosi sull'Oklahoma Cherokee. Grazie alla combinazione unica tra etnografia moderna e etnoistoria, l'Assalto indaga come l'identità di Cherokee è costruita socialmente e politicamente, e come questo processo è strettamente legato alle idee di sangue, colore e razza. Un secolo di cambiamento Poco più di un secolo fa, la gamma di gradi di sangue tra i cittadini cheroki variava molto, dal sangue pieno a 1/256. Ma oggi questa gamma si è allargata notevolmente, spaziando dal sangue pieno al sorprendente 1/2048. Questo cambiamento solleva importanti domande sul significato simbolico del sangue e sul grado in cui la miscelazione razziale può avvenire prima che i Cherokee smettano di essere considerati un popolo separato. Inoltre, sottolinea il pericolo di un legame tra identità razziale e nazionale e sangue.
Politik des Blutes: Rasse, Kultur und Identität in der Cherokee-Nation in Oklahoma In seinem bahnbrechenden Buch „Politik des Blutes: Rasse, Kultur und Identität in der Cherokee-Nation in Oklahoma“ befasst sich Tsirs Sturm mit einem der umstrittensten und drängendsten Themen in den Vereinigten Staaten - Rasse und nationale Identität - und konzentriert sich auf Oklahoma Cherokee. Durch eine einzigartige Kombination aus moderner Ethnographie und Ethnohistorie untersucht Sturm, wie die Cherokee-Identität sozial und politisch aufgebaut ist und wie dieser Prozess eng mit den Ideen von Blut, Hautfarbe und Rasse verbunden ist. Jahrhundert der Veränderung Vor etwas mehr als einem Jahrhundert variierte die Bandbreite der Blutgrade unter den Cherokee-Bürgern stark, von Vollblut bis 1/256. Heute hat sich dieser Bereich jedoch erheblich erweitert und reicht von Vollblut bis zu einem erstaunlichen 1/2048. Diese Verschiebung wirft wichtige Fragen über die symbolische Bedeutung von Blut und das Ausmaß auf, in dem Rassenvermischung stattfinden kann, bevor die Cherokee nicht mehr als separates Volk betrachtet werden. Darüber hinaus betont er die Gefahr der Verbindung von rassischer und nationaler Identität mit Blut.
Polityka krwi: rasa, kultura i tożsamość w Cherokee Nation w Oklahomie W swojej przełomowej książce „Polityka krwi: rasa, kultura i tożsamość w Cherokee Nation w Oklahomie”, Circe Sturm zagłębia się w jeden z najbardziej kontrowersyjne i pilne kwestie w Stanach Zjednoczonych - rasa i tożsamość narodowa - koncentrując się na Oklahoma Cherokee. Poprzez unikalne połączenie współczesnej etnografii i etnohistorii, Sturm bada, jak tożsamość Cherokee jest zbudowana społecznie i politycznie oraz jak proces ten jest ściśle związany z ideami krwi, koloru i rasy. Stulecie zmian Nieco ponad sto lat temu, zakres stopni krwi wśród obywateli Cherokee różnił się znacznie, od pełnej krwi do 1/256. Obecnie jednak zakres ten znacznie się rozszerzył, rozciągając się od pełnej krwi do zaskakującego 1/2048. Zmiana rodzi ważne pytania dotyczące symbolicznego znaczenia krwi i stopnia, w jakim mieszanie rasowe może nastąpić przed Cherokee nie są już uważane za odrębnych ludzi. Ponadto podkreśla zagrożenia związane z powiązaniem tożsamości rasowej i narodowej z krwią.
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Oklahoma'daki Cherokee Ulusunda Kan Politikası: Irk, Kültür ve Kimlik Çığır açan "Blood Politics: Irk, Kültür ve Kimlik in the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma'adlı kitabında Circe Sturm, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki en tartışmalı ve acil konulardan birine - ırk ve ulusal kimlik - odaklanıyor Oklahoma Cherokee. Çağdaş etnografya ve etnohistorinin eşsiz bir kombinasyonu ile Sturm, Cherokee kimliğinin sosyal ve politik olarak nasıl inşa edildiğini ve bu sürecin kan, renk ve ırk fikirleriyle nasıl yakından ilişkili olduğunu araştırıyor. Bir yüzyıl önce, Cherokee vatandaşları arasındaki kan dereceleri, tam kandan 1/256'ya kadar büyük ölçüde değişiyordu. Bununla birlikte, bugün, bu aralık, tam kandan şaşırtıcı bir 1/2048'e kadar uzanan önemli ölçüde genişlemiştir. Değişim, kanın sembolik anlamı ve Cherokee'nin artık ayrı bir halk olarak kabul edilmesinden önce ırksal karışmanın ne ölçüde gerçekleşebileceği hakkında önemli sorular ortaya koyuyor. Ayrıca, ırksal ve ulusal kimliğin kana bağlanmasının tehlikelerini vurgulamaktadır.
سياسات الدم: العرق والثقافة والهوية في أمة الشيروكي في أوكلاهوما في كتابه الرائد «سياسات الدم: العرق والثقافة والهوية في أمة الشيروكي في أوكلاهوما»، يتعمق سيرس ستورم في واحدة من أكثر الكتب إثارة للجدل والإلحاح في الولايات المتحدة - العرق والهوية الوطنية - مع التركيز على أوكلاهوما شيروكي. من خلال مزيج فريد من الإثنوغرافيا المعاصرة والتاريخ العرقي، يستكشف شتورم كيف يتم بناء هوية الشيروكي اجتماعيًا وسياسيًا، وكيف ترتبط هذه العملية ارتباطًا وثيقًا بأفكار الدم واللون والعرق. منذ أكثر من قرن بقليل، تباينت درجات الدم بين مواطني الشيروكي بشكل كبير، من الدم الكامل إلى 1/256. ومع ذلك، فقد توسع هذا النطاق اليوم بشكل كبير، حيث امتد من الدم الكامل إلى 1/2048 المفاجئ. يثير هذا التحول أسئلة مهمة حول المعنى الرمزي للدم ومدى حدوث الاختلاط العنصري قبل أن لا يعتبر الشيروكي شعبًا متميزًا. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإنه يسلط الضوء على مخاطر ربط الهوية العرقية والقومية بالدم.
血統政治:俄克拉荷馬州切諾基民族的種族、文化和身份在其開創性的著作《血統政治:俄克拉荷馬州切諾基民族的種族、文化和身份》中,Circe Sturm深入探討了美國最具爭議和緊迫性的問題之一--種族和民族身份--重點關註俄克拉荷馬州硬皮。通過現代民族誌和民族史的獨特結合,Sturm探索了切諾基身份的社會和政治構造方式,以及此過程如何與血液,膚色和種族的思想緊密相關。一個多世紀前,切諾基公民的血液程度差異很大,從滿血到1/256。但是,如今,該範圍已大大擴展,從全血擴展到驚人的1/2048。這種轉變提出了有關血液的象征意義以及切諾基人不再被視為獨立民族之前種族混合的程度的重要問題。此外,他還強調了種族和民族認同與血液聯系起來的危險。

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