BOOKS - The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War
The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War - Nicholas Mulder January 1, 2022 PDF  BOOKS
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The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War
Author: Nicholas Mulder
Year: January 1, 2022
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 6.6 MB
Language: English



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The book 'The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War' provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the evolution of economic sanctions as a tool of modern warfare, highlighting their development during the interwar period and their legacy in contemporary international relations. The author, Nicholas Mulder, offers a nuanced understanding of the paradoxical nature of economic sanctions, which aim to prevent war but are based on devastating techniques of warfare. Through extensive archival research and a multidisciplinary approach, Mulder sheds light on the adoption of economic sanctions as an instrument of peacekeeping by the League of Nations and their unintended consequences. The book begins by exploring the origins of economic sanctions during the blockades of World War I, when nations first employed these measures as a means of exerting pressure on their enemies. As globalization advanced, economic sanctions became more prevalent, particularly during the interwar period, when they were used to police colonial empires and confront fascism. The author delves into the political, economic, legal, and military history of this era to demonstrate how economic sanctions evolved from a wartime tool to a means of maintaining peace. Mulder argues that economic sanctions are widely considered a form of war due to their coercive nature and the devastating consequences they can have on civilian populations.
В книге «The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War» (Экономическое оружие: рост санкций как инструмент современной войны) содержится всесторонний и подробный отчет об эволюции экономических санкций как инструмента современной войны, освещается их развитие в межвоенный период и их наследие в современных международных отношениях. Автор, Николас Малдер, предлагает тонкое понимание парадоксальной природы экономических санкций, которые направлены на предотвращение войны, но основаны на разрушительных методах ведения войны. Благодаря обширным архивным исследованиям и междисциплинарному подходу Малдер проливает свет на принятие экономических санкций в качестве инструмента поддержания мира Лигой Наций и их непреднамеренные последствия. Книга начинается с изучения истоков экономических санкций во время блокады Первой мировой войны, когда страны впервые применили эти меры в качестве средства оказания давления на своих врагов. По мере развития глобализации экономические санкции стали более распространенными, особенно в межвоенный период, когда они использовались для того, чтобы контролировать колониальные империи и противостоять фашизму. Автор углубляется в политическую, экономическую, юридическую и военную историю этой эпохи, чтобы продемонстрировать, как экономические санкции превратились из инструмента военного времени в средство поддержания мира. Малдер утверждает, что экономические санкции широко считаются формой войны из-за их принудительного характера и разрушительных последствий, которые они могут иметь для гражданского населения.
livre The Economic Weapon : The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War (s armes économiques : l'augmentation des sanctions en tant qu'instrument de la guerre moderne) présente un compte rendu complet et détaillé de l'évolution des sanctions économiques en tant qu'instrument de la guerre moderne, met en lumière leur évolution dans l'entre-deux-guerres et leur héritage dans les relations internationales contemporaines. L'auteur, Nicholas Mulder, propose une compréhension subtile de la nature paradoxale des sanctions économiques, qui visent à prévenir la guerre, mais sont basées sur des méthodes de guerre destructrices. Grâce à de vastes recherches archivistiques et à une approche interdisciplinaire, Mulder met en lumière l'adoption de sanctions économiques en tant qu'instrument de maintien de la paix par la Société des Nations et leurs conséquences involontaires. livre commence par une étude des origines des sanctions économiques pendant le blocus de la Première Guerre mondiale, lorsque les pays ont pour la première fois appliqué ces mesures comme moyen de faire pression sur leurs ennemis. Au fur et à mesure de la mondialisation, les sanctions économiques sont devenues plus courantes, en particulier pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, où elles ont été utilisées pour contrôler les empires coloniaux et résister au fascisme. L'auteur explore l'histoire politique, économique, juridique et militaire de cette époque pour montrer comment les sanctions économiques sont passées d'un instrument en temps de guerre à un moyen de maintenir la paix. Mulder affirme que les sanctions économiques sont généralement considérées comme une forme de guerre en raison de leur nature coercitive et des effets dévastateurs qu'elles peuvent avoir sur la population civile.
libro The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War ( armas económicas: el aumento de las sanciones como instrumento de la guerra moderna) proporciona un informe completo y detallado sobre la evolución de las sanciones económicas como instrumento de la guerra moderna, destaca su desarrollo en el período de entreguerras y su legado en la época moderna relaciones internacionales. autor, Nicholas Mulder, ofrece una sutil comprensión de la paradójica naturaleza de las sanciones económicas, que pretenden prevenir la guerra pero se basan en métodos destructivos de hacer la guerra. Con una amplia investigación de archivo y un enfoque multidisciplinario, Mulder arroja luz sobre la adopción de sanciones económicas como instrumento de mantenimiento de la paz por parte de la Sociedad de Naciones y sus consecuencias no intencionales. libro comienza con el estudio de los orígenes de las sanciones económicas durante el bloqueo de la Primera Guerra Mundial, cuando los países aplicaron estas medidas por primera vez como un medio para presionar a sus enemigos. A medida que avanzaba la globalización, las sanciones económicas se hicieron más comunes, especialmente durante el período de entreguerras, cuando se usaron para controlar los imperios coloniales y resistir el fascismo. autor profundiza en la historia política, económica, jurídica y militar de esta época para demostrar cómo las sanciones económicas pasaron de ser un instrumento en tiempos de guerra a un medio para mantener la paz. Mulder sostiene que las sanciones económicas son ampliamente consideradas una forma de guerra debido a su carácter coercitivo y a los efectos devastadores que pueden tener sobre la población civil.
Il libro «The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War» (L'aumento delle sanzioni come strumento della guerra moderna) fornisce un resoconto completo e dettagliato dell'evoluzione delle sanzioni economiche come strumento della guerra moderna, evidenzia il loro sviluppo nel periodo tra le guerre e la loro eredità nelle relazioni internazionali moderne. L'autore, Nicholas Mulder, offre una delicata comprensione della natura paradossale delle sanzioni economiche, che mirano a prevenire la guerra, ma si basano su metodi distruttivi di guerra. Attraverso un'ampia ricerca d'archivio e un approccio interdisciplinare, Mulder mette in luce l'adozione di sanzioni economiche come strumento di mantenimento della pace da parte della ga delle Nazioni e le loro conseguenze involontarie. Il libro inizia studiando l'origine delle sanzioni economiche durante il blocco della Prima Guerra Mondiale, quando i paesi usarono per la prima volta queste misure come mezzo per esercitare pressioni sui loro nemici. Con l'evoluzione della globalizzazione, le sanzioni economiche sono diventate più comuni, soprattutto nel periodo tra le guerre, quando sono state utilizzate per controllare gli imperi coloniali e contrastare il fascismo. L'autore sta approfondendo la storia politica, economica, legale e militare di quest'epoca per dimostrare come le sanzioni economiche si sono trasformate da strumento di guerra a strumento di mantenimento della pace. Mulder sostiene che le sanzioni economiche sono ampiamente considerate una forma di guerra a causa della loro natura coercitiva e degli effetti devastanti che possono avere sulla popolazione civile.
Das Buch „The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War“ berichtet umfassend und detailliert über die Entwicklung der Wirtschaftssanktionen als Instrument der modernen Kriegsführung, beleuchtet ihre Entwicklung in der Zwischenkriegszeit und ihr Erbe in den modernen internationalen Beziehungen. Der Autor, Nicholas Mulder, bietet einen subtilen Einblick in die paradoxe Natur von Wirtschaftssanktionen, die darauf abzielen, Krieg zu verhindern, aber auf zerstörerischen Methoden der Kriegsführung basieren. Mit umfangreichen Archivrecherchen und einem interdisziplinären Ansatz beleuchtet Mulder die Akzeptanz von Wirtschaftssanktionen als Instrument zur Friedenssicherung durch den Völkerbund und deren unbeabsichtigte Folgen. Das Buch beginnt mit einer Untersuchung der Ursprünge der Wirtschaftssanktionen während der Blockade des Ersten Weltkriegs, als die Länder diese Maßnahmen erstmals als Druckmittel gegen ihre Feinde einsetzten. Mit dem Fortschreiten der Globalisierung wurden Wirtschaftssanktionen häufiger, insbesondere in der Zwischenkriegszeit, als sie zur Kontrolle der Kolonialreiche und zur Bekämpfung des Faschismus eingesetzt wurden. Der Autor geht tief in die politische, wirtschaftliche, rechtliche und militärische Geschichte dieser Epoche ein, um zu zeigen, wie sich Wirtschaftssanktionen vom Instrument der Kriegszeit zum Mittel der Friedenssicherung entwickelt haben. Mulder argumentiert, dass Wirtschaftssanktionen aufgrund ihres Zwangscharakters und der verheerenden Folgen, die sie für die Zivilbevölkerung haben können, weithin als eine Form des Krieges angesehen werden.
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The Economic Weapon: The Rise of Sanctions as a Tool of Modern War (Ekonomik lah: Modern Savaşın Bir Aracı Olarak Yaptırımların Yükselişi), ekonomik yaptırımların modern savaşın bir aracı olarak evriminin, savaşlar arası dönemdeki gelişimlerinin ve modern uluslararası ilişkilerdeki miraslarının kapsamlı ve ayrıntılı bir açıklamasını sunar. Yazar Nicholas Mulder, savaşı önlemeyi amaçlayan ancak yıkıcı savaş yöntemlerine dayanan ekonomik yaptırımların paradoksal doğası hakkında nüanslı bir anlayış sunuyor. Kapsamlı arşiv araştırmaları ve disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşım sayesinde Mulder, Milletler Cemiyeti'nin barışı korumak için bir araç olarak ekonomik yaptırımların benimsenmesine ve bunların istenmeyen sonuçlarına ışık tutuyor. Kitap, I. Dünya Savaşı ablukası sırasında ekonomik yaptırımların kökenlerini inceleyerek başlıyor, ülkeler bu önlemleri ilk kez düşmanlarına baskı uygulamak için bir araç olarak kullandılar. Küreselleşme geliştikçe, ekonomik yaptırımlar, özellikle sömürge imparatorluklarını kontrol etmek ve faşizme direnmek için kullanıldıkları savaşlar arası dönemde daha yaygın hale geldi. Yazar, ekonomik yaptırımların bir savaş aracından barışı sürdürme aracına nasıl dönüştüğünü göstermek için bu dönemin siyasi, ekonomik, yasal ve askeri tarihine giriyor. Mulder, ekonomik yaptırımların zorlayıcı doğası ve siviller üzerindeki yıkıcı etkileri nedeniyle yaygın olarak bir savaş biçimi olarak kabul edildiğini savunuyor.
The Economic Weapons: The Rise of Sentions as a Tool of Modern War يقدم سردا شاملا ومفصلا لتطور العقوبات الاقتصادية كأداة للحرب الحديثة وتطورها في فترة ما بين الحربين وتراثها في العلاقات الدولية الحديثة. يقدم المؤلف، نيكولاس مولدر، فهماً دقيقاً للطبيعة المتناقضة للجزاءات الاقتصادية، التي تهدف إلى منع الحرب ولكنها تستند إلى أساليب حرب مدمرة. وبفضل البحوث الموسعة في المحفوظات والنهج المتعدد التخصصات، سلط مولدر الضوء على اعتماد عصبة الأمم للجزاءات الاقتصادية كأداة لحفظ السلام وعواقبها غير المقصودة. يبدأ الكتاب بفحص أصول العقوبات الاقتصادية أثناء حصار الحرب العالمية الأولى، عندما استخدمت البلدان هذه الإجراءات لأول مرة كوسيلة لممارسة الضغط على أعدائها. مع تطور العولمة، أصبحت العقوبات الاقتصادية أكثر شيوعًا، خاصة خلال فترة ما بين الحربين العالميتين، عندما تم استخدامها للسيطرة على الإمبراطوريات الاستعمارية ومقاومة الفاشية. يتعمق المؤلف في التاريخ السياسي والاقتصادي والقانوني والعسكري لهذه الحقبة لإظهار كيف تطورت العقوبات الاقتصادية من أداة في زمن الحرب إلى وسيلة للحفاظ على السلام. يجادل مولدر بأن العقوبات الاقتصادية تعتبر على نطاق واسع شكلاً من أشكال الحرب بسبب طبيعتها القسرية والآثار المدمرة التي يمكن أن تحدثها على المدنيين.

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