BOOKS - The Battle For Syria: International Rivalry In The New Middle East
The Battle For Syria: International Rivalry In The New Middle East - Christopher Phillips January 1, 2016 PDF  BOOKS
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The Battle For Syria: International Rivalry In The New Middle East
Author: Christopher Phillips
Year: January 1, 2016
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 3.2 MB
Language: English



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The Battle For Syria: International Rivalry In The New Middle East Since 2011, Syria has been embroiled in a devastating civil war that has left millions dead, injured, or displaced. Most accounts of this conflict focus on its domestic dimensions, portraying it as a struggle between the government of President Bashar al-Assad and various opposition groups. However, in "The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East Christopher Phillips offers an unprecedented analysis of the crucial but underexplored role of international actors in shaping the conflict. According to Phillips, the international dimension was never secondary; rather, it was the driving force behind the escalation and prolongation of the violence. The book begins by examining how the perceived decline of US power in the Middle East created a vacuum that led to the emergence of new regional dynamics. This, in turn, precipitated a new order in which six external protagonists - the United States, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Qatar - have violently competed for influence in Syria. Phillips argues that these external factors are the key to understanding the acceleration and endurance of the conflict, particularly the West's strategy against ISIS.
Битва за Сирию: международное соперничество на новом Ближнем Востоке С 2011 года Сирия была втянута в разрушительную гражданскую войну, в результате которой миллионы людей погибли, получили ранения или были перемещены. Большинство сообщений об этом конфликте сосредоточены на его внутренних аспектах, изображая его как борьбу между правительством президента Башара Асада и различными оппозиционными группами. Однако в книге «Битва за Сирию: международное соперничество на Новом Ближнем Востоке» Кристофер Филлипс предлагает беспрецедентный анализ решающей, но недостаточно изученной роли международных субъектов в формировании конфликта. По мнению Филлипса, международное измерение никогда не было второстепенным; скорее, это была движущая сила эскалации и продления насилия. Книга начинается с изучения того, как воспринимаемый упадок власти США на Ближнем Востоке создал вакуум, который привел к появлению новой региональной динамики. Это, в свою очередь, ускорило новый порядок, в котором шесть внешних действующих лиц - США, Россия, Иран, Саудовская Аравия, Турция и Катар - яростно боролись за влияние в Сирии. Филлипс утверждает, что эти внешние факторы являются ключом к пониманию ускорения и стойкости конфликта, особенно стратегии Запада против ИГИЛ.
Bataille pour la Syrie : rivalités internationales dans le nouveau Moyen-Orient Depuis 2011, la Syrie a été entraînée dans une guerre civile dévastatrice qui a fait des millions de morts, de blessés ou de déplacés. La plupart des rapports sur ce conflit se concentrent sur ses aspects internes, le décrivant comme une lutte entre le gouvernement du président Bachar el-Assad et divers groupes d'opposition. Cependant, dans le livre La bataille pour la Syrie : rivalités internationales au Nouveau Moyen-Orient, Christopher Phillips propose une analyse sans précédent du rôle décisif mais sous-étudié des acteurs internationaux dans la formation du conflit. Selon Phillips, la dimension internationale n'a jamais été secondaire ; c'était plutôt le moteur de l'escalade et de la prolongation de la violence. livre commence par étudier comment le déclin perçu du pouvoir américain au Moyen-Orient a créé un vide qui a conduit à une nouvelle dynamique régionale. Cela a à son tour accéléré un nouvel ordre dans lequel six acteurs extérieurs - les États-Unis, la Russie, l'Iran, l'Arabie saoudite, la Turquie et le Qatar - se sont battus violemment pour exercer une influence en Syrie. Phillips affirme que ces facteurs externes sont essentiels pour comprendre l'accélération et la persistance du conflit, en particulier la stratégie occidentale contre l'EI.
Batalla de ria: rivalidad internacional en el nuevo Oriente Medio Desde 2011, ria se ha visto envuelta en una devastadora guerra civil que ha dejado millones de muertos, heridos o desplazados. La mayoría de los informes sobre este conflicto se centran en sus aspectos internos, retratándolo como una lucha entre el gobierno del presidente Bashar Assad y diversos grupos de la oposición. n embargo, en el libro «Batalla por ria: rivalidad internacional en el Nuevo Oriente Medio», Christopher Phillips ofrece un análisis sin precedentes del papel decisivo pero poco estudiado de los actores internacionales en la formación del conflicto. Según Phillips, la dimensión internacional nunca fue secundaria; más bien, fue la fuerza impulsora de la escalada y prolongación de la violencia. libro comienza con un estudio de cómo la decadencia percibida del poder estadounidense en Oriente Medio creó un vacío que dio lugar a una nueva dinámica regional. Esto, a su vez, aceleró un nuevo orden en el que seis actores externos - Estados Unidos, Rusia, Irán, Arabia Saudita, Turquía y Qatar - lucharon ferozmente por la influencia en ria. Phillips sostiene que estos factores externos son clave para entender la aceleración y persistencia del conflicto, especialmente la estrategia de Occidente contra ISIS.
Batalha pela Síria: rivalidade internacional no novo Oriente Médio Desde 2011, a Síria foi arrastada para uma guerra civil devastadora que deixou milhões de mortos, feridos ou deslocados. A maioria dos relatos sobre o conflito se concentram em seus aspectos internos, como uma luta entre o governo do presidente Bashar al-Assad e vários grupos de oposição. No entanto, no livro «Batalha pela Síria: rivalidade internacional no Novo Oriente Médio», Christopher Phillips propõe uma análise sem precedentes do papel crucial, mas pouco explorado, dos atores internacionais na formação do conflito. Para Phillips, a dimensão internacional nunca foi secundária; Foi mais um motor da escalada e prolongamento da violência. O livro começa com um estudo de como a percepção do declínio do poder dos EUA no Oriente Médio criou um vácuo que deu origem a uma nova dinâmica regional. Isso, por sua vez, acelerou uma nova ordem, com seis atores externos - EUA, Rússia, Irã, Arábia Saudita, Turquia e Qatar - lutando ferozmente pela influência na Síria. Phillips afirma que estes fatores externos são a chave para compreender a aceleração e a persistência do conflito, especialmente a estratégia ocidental contra o Daesh.
Battaglia per la ria - Rivalità internazionale nel nuovo Medio Oriente Dal 2011 la ria è stata trascinata in una devastante guerra civile che ha causato milioni di morti, feriti o sfollati. La maggior parte delle segnalazioni di questo conflitto si concentrano sui suoi aspetti interni, descrivendolo come una lotta tra il governo del presidente Bashar al-Assad e diversi gruppi di opposizione. Nel libro «La battaglia per la ria: rivalità internazionale nel Nuovo Medio Oriente», Christopher Phillips offre un'analisi senza precedenti del ruolo cruciale, ma poco esplorato, degli attori internazionali nella formazione del conflitto. Phillips ritiene che la dimensione internazionale non sia mai stata secondaria; Piuttosto era il motore dell'escalation e del prolungamento della violenza. Il libro inizia studiando come il declino percepito del potere degli Stati Uniti in Medio Oriente abbia creato un vuoto che ha portato alla nascita di nuove dinamiche regionali. Questo, a sua volta, ha accelerato un nuovo ordine in cui sei protagonisti esterni - Stati Uniti, Russia, Iran, Arabia Saudita, Turchia e Qatar - hanno combattuto duramente per l'influenza in ria. Phillips sostiene che questi fattori esterni sono la chiave per comprendere l'accelerazione e la resistenza del conflitto, in particolare la strategia occidentale contro l'Isis.
Schlacht um Syrien: Internationale Rivalität im neuen Nahen Osten Seit 2011 ist Syrien in einen verheerenden Bürgerkrieg verwickelt, in dessen Folge Millionen von Menschen getötet, verletzt oder vertrieben wurden. Die meisten Berichte über diesen Konflikt konzentrieren sich auf seine inneren Aspekte und stellen ihn als einen Kampf zwischen der Regierung von Präsident Baschar al-Assad und verschiedenen Oppositionsgruppen dar. In Battle for Syria: International Rivality in the New Middle East bietet Christopher Phillips jedoch eine beispiellose Analyse der entscheidenden, aber unzureichend untersuchten Rolle internationaler Akteure bei der Gestaltung des Konflikts. Phillips zufolge war die internationale Dimension nie zweitrangig; Vielmehr war sie die treibende Kraft hinter der Eskalation und Verlängerung der Gewalt. Das Buch beginnt mit der Untersuchung, wie der wahrgenommene Niedergang der US-Macht im Nahen Osten ein Vakuum geschaffen hat, das zu einer neuen regionalen Dynamik geführt hat. Dies wiederum beschleunigte die neue Ordnung, in der sechs externe Akteure - die USA, Russland, der Iran, Saudi-Arabien, die Türkei und Katar - heftig um Einfluss in Syrien kämpften. Phillips argumentiert, dass diese externen Faktoren der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Beschleunigung und Persistenz des Konflikts sind, insbesondere der westlichen Strategie gegen ISIS.
Bitwa o Syrię: Międzynarodowe rywalizacje na Nowym Bliskim Wschodzie Od 2011 roku Syria jest uwikłana w niszczycielską wojnę domową, która pozostawiła miliony zabitych, rannych lub wysiedlonych. Większość sprawozdań z tego konfliktu koncentruje się na jego wewnętrznych aspektach, przedstawiając ją jako walkę między rządem prezydenta Baszara al-Asada a różnymi grupami opozycyjnymi. Jednak w „Bitwie o Syrię: Międzynarodowe rywalizacje na Nowym Bliskim Wschodzie” Christopher Phillips oferuje bezprecedensową analizę kluczowej, ale dublowanej roli międzynarodowych podmiotów w kształtowaniu konfliktu. Dla Phillipsa wymiar międzynarodowy nigdy nie był drugorzędny; była to raczej siła napędowa eskalacji i przedłużenia przemocy. Książka zaczyna się od zbadania, jak postrzegany upadek władzy USA na Bliskim Wschodzie stworzył próżnię, która doprowadziła do nowej dynamiki regionalnej. To z kolei wytrąciło nowy porządek, w którym sześciu zewnętrznych podmiotów - Stany Zjednoczone, Rosja, Iran, Arabia Saudyjska, Turcja i Katar - ostro walczyło o wpływy w Syrii. Phillips twierdzi, że te czynniki zewnętrzne mają kluczowe znaczenie dla zrozumienia przyspieszenia i trwałości konfliktu, zwłaszcza strategii Zachodu przeciwko ISIS.
קרב על סוריה: היריבות הבינלאומית במזרח התיכון החדש מאז 2011, סוריה הייתה מעורבת במלחמת אזרחים הרסנית שהותירה מיליונים הרוגים, פצועים או עקורים. רוב הדיווחים על עימות זה מתמקדים בהיבטים הפנימיים, ומתארים אותו כמאבק בין ממשלתו של הנשיא בשאר אל-אסד לבין קבוצות אופוזיציה שונות. עם זאת, ב- "The Battle for Syria: International Rivalries in the New Middle East', כריסטופר פיליפס מציע ניתוח חסר תקדים של התפקיד המכריע אך המחליף של השחקנים הבינלאומיים בעיצוב הסכסוך. עבור פיליפס, המימד הבינלאומי מעולם לא היה משני; במקום זאת, זה היה הכוח המניע מאחורי ההסלמה והארכת האלימות. הספר מתחיל בכך שהוא בוחן כיצד הידרדרות הכוח של ארצות הברית במזרח התיכון יצרה ואקום שהוביל לדינמיקה אזורית חדשה. זה זירז, בתורו, סדר חדש שבו שישה שחקנים חיצוניים - ארה "ב, רוסיה, איראן, סעודיה, טורקיה וקטאר - נלחמו בחריפות על ההשפעה בסוריה. פיליפס טוען שגורמים חיצוניים אלה הם המפתח להבנת ההאצה וההתמדה של הסכסוך, במיוחד האסטרטגיה של המערב נגד דאעש.''
Suriye için Savaş: Yeni Ortadoğu'da Uluslararası Rekabetler 2011'den bu yana Suriye, milyonlarca insanın ölümüne, yaralanmasına veya yerinden edilmesine neden olan yıkıcı bir iç savaşın içinde. Bu çatışmayla ilgili haberlerin çoğu, iç yönlerine odaklanıyor ve onu Devlet Başkanı Beşar Esad hükümeti ile çeşitli muhalif gruplar arasındaki bir mücadele olarak gösteriyor. Bununla birlikte, "The Battle for Syria: International Rivalries in the New Middle East" (Suriye İçin Savaş: Yeni Ortadoğu'da Uluslararası Rekabetler) adlı kitabında Christopher Phillips, uluslararası aktörlerin çatışmayı şekillendirmedeki önemli ama az çalışılmış rolünün benzeri görülmemiş bir analizini sunuyor. Phillips'e göre uluslararası boyut hiçbir zaman ikincil olmadı; Aksine, şiddetin tırmanmasının ve uzamasının arkasındaki itici güçtü. Kitap, ABD'nin Ortadoğu'daki gücünün azaldığı algısının nasıl yeni bölgesel dinamiklere yol açan bir boşluk yarattığını inceleyerek başlıyor. Bu da, altı dış aktörün - ABD, Rusya, İran, Suudi Arabistan, Türkiye ve Katar - Suriye'de nüfuz için şiddetli bir şekilde savaştığı yeni bir düzeni hızlandırdı. Phillips, bu dış faktörlerin, özellikle Batı'nın IŞİD'e karşı stratejisini, çatışmanın hızlanmasını ve sürekliliğini anlamanın anahtarı olduğunu savunuyor.
معركة من أجل سوريا: الخصومات الدولية في الشرق الأوسط الجديد منذ عام 2011، تخوض سوريا حربًا أهلية مدمرة خلفت ملايين القتلى أو الجرحى أو النازحين. تركز معظم التقارير عن هذا الصراع على جوانبه الداخلية، وتصوره على أنه صراع بين حكومة الرئيس بشار الأسد وجماعات المعارضة المختلفة. ومع ذلك، في «المعركة من أجل سوريا: الخصومات الدولية في الشرق الأوسط الجديد»، يقدم كريستوفر فيليبس تحليلاً غير مسبوق للدور الحاسم ولكن غير المدروس للجهات الفاعلة الدولية في تشكيل الصراع. بالنسبة لفيليبس، لم يكن البعد الدولي ثانويًا أبدًا ؛ بل كانت القوة الدافعة وراء تصاعد العنف وإطالة أمده. يبدأ الكتاب بفحص كيف خلق التدهور الملحوظ للقوة الأمريكية في الشرق الأوسط فراغًا أدى إلى ديناميكيات إقليمية جديدة. وقد أدى ذلك بدوره إلى نظام جديد قاتلت فيه ستة جهات خارجية - الولايات المتحدة وروسيا وإيران والمملكة العربية السعودية وتركيا وقطر - بشدة من أجل النفوذ في سوريا. يجادل فيليبس بأن هذه العوامل الخارجية هي المفتاح لفهم تسارع الصراع واستمراره، وخاصة استراتيجية الغرب ضد داعش.
敘利亞之戰:新中東的國際對抗自2011以來,敘利亞卷入了一場毀滅性的內戰,造成數百萬人死亡、受傷或流離失所。關於這場沖突的大多數報道都集中在內部方面,將其描述為巴沙爾·阿薩德總統政府與各種反對派團體之間的鬥爭。但是,克裏斯托弗·菲利普斯(Christopher Phillips)在《敘利亞之戰:新中東的國際競爭》一書中,對國際行為者在沖突形成中的決定性但研究不足的作用進行了前所未有的分析。菲利普斯(Phillips)認為,國際層面從來都不是次要的。而是暴力升級和延長的動力。該書首先探討了美國在中東權力的衰落如何造成真空,從而產生了新的區域動態。反過來,這加速了新的秩序,六個外部行動者--美國、俄羅斯、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、土耳其和卡塔爾--為在敘利亞的影響力進行了激烈的鬥爭。菲利普斯認為,這些外部因素是理解沖突加速和持久性的關鍵,尤其是西方針對ISIS的戰略。

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