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Cognition and Chance The Psychology of Probabilistic Reasoning - Raymond S. Nickerson 2004 PDF Psychology Press BOOKS HUMAN AND PSYCHOLOGY
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Cognition and Chance The Psychology of Probabilistic Reasoning
Author: Raymond S. Nickerson
Year: 2004
Format: PDF
File size: 34 MB
Language: ENG



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The book "Cognition and Chance: The Psychology of Probabilistic Reasoning" by Gerd Gigerenzer is a groundbreaking work that explores the intricate relationship between human cognition and probabilistic reasoning. The author, a renowned psychologist and philosopher, argues that our ability to reason probabilistically is not only essential for survival but also crucial for understanding the complexities of modern knowledge. The book delves into the psychological processes that underlie our thinking and decision-making, revealing how we often rely on heuristics and biases to make sense of the world around us. The book begins by examining the limits of human rationality, highlighting the inherent biases and fallacies that influence our thinking. Gigerenzer then delves into the concept of probabilistic reasoning, explaining how it differs from traditional logical reasoning and why it is essential for navigating the uncertainties of life. He demonstrates how our brains are wired to respond to uncertainty by relying on mental shortcuts, such as the availability heuristic, which can lead to errors in judgment. One of the central themes of the book is the importance of developing a personal paradigm for perceiving the technological process of developing modern knowledge.
Книга «Познание и случай: психология вероятностных рассуждений» Герда Гигеренцера является новаторской работой, в которой исследуется сложная взаимосвязь между человеческим познанием и вероятностными рассуждениями. Автор, известный психолог и философ, утверждает, что наша способность рассуждать вероятностно не только необходима для выживания, но и имеет решающее значение для понимания сложностей современных знаний. Книга углубляется в психологические процессы, лежащие в основе нашего мышления и принятия решений, раскрывая, как мы часто полагаемся на эвристику и предубеждения, чтобы осмыслить окружающий мир. Книга начинается с изучения пределов человеческой рациональности, подчеркивая врожденные предубеждения и ошибки, которые влияют на наше мышление. Затем Гигеренцер углубляется в концепцию вероятностных рассуждений, объясняя, чем она отличается от традиционных логических рассуждений и почему она необходима для навигации по неопределенностям жизни. Он демонстрирует, как наш мозг настроен реагировать на неопределенность, полагаясь на ментальные ярлыки, такие как эвристика доступности, которая может привести к ошибкам в суждениях. Одна из центральных тем книги - важность выработки личностной парадигмы восприятия технологического процесса развития современных знаний.
Il libro «Conoscenza e caso: la psicologia dei ragionamenti probabilistici» di Gerd Gigerencer è un lavoro innovativo che esamina la complessa relazione tra conoscenza umana e ragionamenti probabilistici. L'autore, un noto psicologo e filosofo, sostiene che la nostra capacità di ragionare probabilmente non è solo necessaria per sopravvivere, ma è anche fondamentale per comprendere la complessità della conoscenza moderna. Il libro approfondisce i processi psicologici alla base del nostro pensiero e delle nostre decisioni, rivelando quanto spesso ci affidiamo all'euristica e ai pregiudizi per comprendere il mondo. Il libro inizia studiando i limiti della razionalità umana, sottolineando i pregiudizi innati e gli errori che influenzano il nostro pensiero. Poi Gigerentzer approfondisce il concetto di ragionamento plausibile, spiegando cosa è diverso dal ragionamento logico tradizionale e perché è necessario per navigare sulle incertezze della vita. Dimostra come il nostro cervello sia determinato a rispondere all'incertezza, facendo affidamento su etichette mentali, come l'euristica della disponibilità, che può portare a errori di giudizio. Uno dei temi principali del libro è l'importanza di sviluppare un paradigma personale per la percezione del processo tecnologico dello sviluppo della conoscenza moderna.
Das Buch „Kognition und Zufall: Psychologie des probabilistischen Denkens“ von Gerd Gigerenzer ist ein bahnbrechendes Werk, das die komplexe Beziehung zwischen menschlicher Kognition und probabilistischem Denken untersucht. Der Autor, ein bekannter Psychologe und Philosoph, argumentiert, dass unsere Fähigkeit, probabilistisch zu argumentieren, nicht nur für das Überleben notwendig ist, sondern auch entscheidend für das Verständnis der Komplexität des modernen Wissens ist. Das Buch taucht tief in die psychologischen Prozesse ein, die unserem Denken und unserer Entscheidungsfindung zugrunde liegen, und enthüllt, wie wir uns oft auf Heuristiken und Vorurteile verlassen, um die Welt um uns herum zu verstehen. Das Buch beginnt mit einer Untersuchung der Grenzen der menschlichen Rationalität und betont die angeborenen Vorurteile und Fehler, die unser Denken beeinflussen. Gigerenzer taucht dann in das Konzept der probabilistischen Argumentation ein und erklärt, wie es sich von herkömmlichem logischem Denken unterscheidet und warum es notwendig ist, durch die Unsicherheiten des bens zu navigieren. Es zeigt, wie unser Gehirn darauf eingestellt ist, auf Unsicherheit zu reagieren, indem es sich auf mentale Abkürzungen wie Verfügbarkeitsheuristiken verlässt, die zu Beurteilungsfehlern führen können. Eines der zentralen Themen des Buches ist die Bedeutung der Entwicklung eines persönlichen Paradigmas der Wahrnehmung des technologischen Prozesses der Entwicklung des modernen Wissens.
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