BOOKS - Legislative Style (Chicago Studies in American Politics)
Legislative Style (Chicago Studies in American Politics) - William Bernhard January 18, 2018 PDF  BOOKS
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Legislative Style (Chicago Studies in American Politics)
Author: William Bernhard
Year: January 18, 2018
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.4 MB
Language: English



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Legislative Style: Chicago Studies in American Politics The book "Legislative Style" by William Bernhard and Tracy Sulkin offers a comprehensive analysis of how members of Congress make decisions about how to allocate their time and effort, and what factors influence these decisions. The authors argue that these decisions are not only shaped by electoral and institutional constraints, but also by personal ambitions, experiences, and inclinations. They develop a systematic approach to understanding legislative style through various criteria such as the number of bills passed, speeches given, money raised, and percentage of votes in line with party affiliation. By applying this approach to ten congresses spanning twenty years from 1989 to 2009, they reveal that legislators' activity falls within five predictable styles that remain relatively consistent throughout their time in office, while allowing for changes due to career evolution, shifts in individual or larger political interests, such as redistricting or majority fluctuations. This book provides valuable insights into enduring questions in legislative politics. The Need to Study and Understand Technological Evolution The book highlights the importance of studying and understanding the process of technological evolution, particularly in the context of modern knowledge development.
Законодательный стиль: Чикагские исследования в американской политике Книга «Законодательный стиль» Уильяма Бернхарда и Трейси Салкин предлагает всесторонний анализ того, как члены Конгресса принимают решения о том, как распределить свое время и усилия, и какие факторы влияют на эти решения. Авторы утверждают, что эти решения формируются не только электоральными и институциональными ограничениями, но и личными амбициями, опытом и склонностями. Они разрабатывают системный подход к пониманию законодательного стиля через различные критерии, такие как количество принятых законопроектов, произнесенных речей, собранных денег и процент голосов в соответствии с партийной принадлежностью. Применяя этот подход к десяти конгрессам, охватывающим двадцать лет с 1989 по 2009 год, они показывают, что деятельность законодателей подпадает под пять предсказуемых стилей, которые остаются относительно последовательными на протяжении всего времени их пребывания в должности, в то же время допуская изменения из-за развития карьеры, сдвиги в отдельных или более крупные политические интересы, такие как перераспределение или колебания большинства. Эта книга дает ценную информацию о непреходящих вопросах законодательной политики. Необходимость изучения и понимания технологической эволюции В книге подчеркивается важность изучения и понимания процесса технологической эволюции, особенно в контексте развития современных знаний.
Style législatif : Chicago Studies in American Policy livre de William Bernhard and Tracy Salkin propose une analyse complète de la façon dont les membres du Congrès prennent des décisions sur la façon de répartir leur temps et leurs efforts, et des facteurs qui influent sur ces décisions. s auteurs affirment que ces décisions sont façonnées non seulement par des contraintes électorales et institutionnelles, mais aussi par des ambitions, des expériences et des tendances personnelles. Ils élaborent une approche systémique pour comprendre le style législatif à travers divers critères, tels que le nombre de projets de loi adoptés, les discours prononcés, l'argent recueilli et le pourcentage de voix selon l'appartenance du parti. En appliquant cette approche à dix congrès couvrant vingt ans de 1989 à 2009, ils montrent que les activités des législateurs s'inscrivent dans cinq styles prévisibles qui restent relativement cohérents tout au long de leur mandat, tout en permettant des changements en raison du développement de carrière, des changements dans des intérêts politiques individuels ou plus importants, tels que la redistribution ou les fluctuations de la majorité. Ce livre fournit des informations précieuses sur les questions de politique législative en cours. La nécessité d'étudier et de comprendre l'évolution technologique livre souligne l'importance d'étudier et de comprendre le processus d'évolution technologique, en particulier dans le contexte du développement des connaissances modernes.
Estilo legislativo: Estudios de Chicago en política estadounidense libro «Estilo legislativo» de William Bernhard y Tracy Salkin ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de cómo los miembros del Congreso toman decisiones sobre cómo distribuir su tiempo y esfuerzo, y qué factores influyen en estas decisiones. autores sostienen que estas decisiones están formadas no sólo por limitaciones electorales e institucionales, sino también por ambiciones, experiencias e inclinaciones personales. Desarrollan un enfoque sistémico para entender el estilo legislativo a través de diversos criterios, como el número de proyectos de ley aprobados, los discursos pronunciados, el dinero recaudado y el porcentaje de votos según la afiliación partidaria. Al aplicar este enfoque a diez congresos que abarcan veinte desde 1989 hasta 2009, muestran que las actividades de los legisladores se encuadran dentro de cinco estilos predecibles que se mantienen relativamente consistentes a lo largo de su mandato, al tiempo que admiten cambios por desarrollo de carrera, cambios en intereses políticos individuales o mayores, como la redistribución o fluctuaciones de la mayoría. Este libro proporciona información valiosa sobre cuestiones de política legislativa perdurables. La necesidad de estudiar y comprender la evolución tecnológica libro destaca la importancia de estudiar y comprender el proceso de evolución tecnológica, especialmente en el contexto del desarrollo del conocimiento moderno.
Stile legislativo: Ricerca di Chicago nella politica americana Il libro «Stile gislativo» di William Bernhard e Tracy Salkin offre un'analisi completa di come i membri del Congresso decidono come distribuire tempo e sforzi e quali fattori influenzano queste decisioni. Gli autori sostengono che queste decisioni non sono costituite solo da vincoli elettorali e istituzionali, ma anche da ambizioni personali, esperienze e tendenze. Essi sviluppano un approccio sistemico alla comprensione dello stile legislativo attraverso diversi criteri, come il numero di proposte di legge approvate, discorsi fatti, raccolti di denaro e la percentuale di voti in base all'appartenenza del partito. Applicando questo approccio a dieci congressi che coprono vent'anni dal 1989 al 2009, dimostrano che le attività dei legislatori rientrano in cinque stili prevedibili che rimangono relativamente consistenti per tutta la durata del loro mandato, mentre permettono cambiamenti a causa dell'evoluzione della carriera, cambiamenti in interessi politici singoli o più grandi, come la redistribuzione o la fluttuazione della maggioranza. Questo libro fornisce informazioni preziose sulle questioni di politica legislativa ancora in corso. La necessità di studiare e comprendere l'evoluzione tecnologica Il libro sottolinea l'importanza di studiare e comprendere l'evoluzione tecnologica, soprattutto nel contesto dello sviluppo delle conoscenze moderne.
gislative Style: Chicago Studies in der amerikanischen Politik Das Buch „gislative Style“ von William Bernhard und Tracy Salkin bietet eine umfassende Analyse, wie Kongressmitglieder Entscheidungen darüber treffen, wie sie ihre Zeit und Mühe einteilen und welche Faktoren diese Entscheidungen beeinflussen. Die Autoren argumentieren, dass diese Entscheidungen nicht nur von Wahl- und institutionellen Zwängen geprägt sind, sondern auch von persönlichen Ambitionen, Erfahrungen und Neigungen. e entwickeln einen systematischen Ansatz zum Verständnis des Gesetzgebungsstils durch verschiedene Kriterien wie die Anzahl der verabschiedeten Rechnungen, der gehaltenen Reden, des gesammelten Geldes und des Prozentsatzes der Stimmen nach Parteizugehörigkeit. Durch die Anwendung dieses Ansatzes auf zehn Kongresse, die sich über die zwanzig Jahre von 1989 bis 2009 erstrecken, zeigen sie, dass die Aktivitäten der Gesetzgeber unter fünf vorhersehbare Stile fallen, die während ihrer gesamten Amtszeit relativ konsistent bleiben und gleichzeitig Veränderungen aufgrund der Karriereentwicklung, Verschiebungen in einzelnen oder größeren politischen Interessen wie Umverteilung oder Mehrheitsschwankungen zulassen. Dieses Buch gibt wertvolle Einblicke in die bleibenden Fragen der Rechtspolitik. Die Notwendigkeit, die technologische Entwicklung zu studieren und zu verstehen Das Buch betont die Wichtigkeit, den Prozess der technologischen Entwicklung zu studieren und zu verstehen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung des modernen Wissens.
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Yasama Tarzı: Amerikan yasetinde Chicago Çalışmaları William Bernhard ve Tracy Salkin'in "Yasama Tarzı" kitabı, Kongre üyelerinin zamanlarını ve çabalarını nasıl tahsis edecekleri ve bu kararları hangi faktörlerin etkileyeceği konusunda nasıl karar verdiklerinin kapsamlı bir analizini sunar. Yazarlar, bu kararların sadece seçim ve kurumsal kısıtlamalarla değil, aynı zamanda kişisel hırslar, deneyimler ve eğilimler tarafından da şekillendirildiğini savunuyorlar. Yasa tasarılarının sayısı, yapılan konuşmalar, toplanan para ve parti üyeliğine göre oy yüzdesi gibi çeşitli kriterler aracılığıyla yasama tarzını anlamak için sistematik bir yaklaşım geliştirirler. Bu yaklaşımı 1989'dan 2009'a kadar yirmi yıl süren on kongreye uygulayarak, yasa koyucuların faaliyetlerinin, görev süreleri boyunca nispeten tutarlı kalan beş öngörülebilir stilin altına düştüğünü, kariyer gelişimi, yeniden dağıtım veya çoğunluk salınımı gibi bireysel veya daha büyük siyasi çıkarlardaki değişimlere izin verdiğini göstermektedir. Bu kitap, kalıcı yasama politikası konularında değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Teknolojik evrimi inceleme ve anlama ihtiyacı Kitap, özellikle modern bilginin gelişimi bağlamında, teknolojik evrim sürecini incelemenin ve anlamanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.
الأسلوب التشريعي: دراسات شيكاغو في السياسة الأمريكية يقدم كتاب «الأسلوب التشريعي» لويليام برنارد وتريسي سالكين تحليلاً شاملاً لكيفية اتخاذ أعضاء الكونجرس قرارات حول كيفية تخصيص وقتهم وجهدهم، وما هي العوامل التي تؤثر على تلك القرارات. ويجادل أصحاب البلاغ بأن هذه القرارات لا تتشكل من قيود انتخابية ومؤسسية فحسب، بل أيضاً من خلال الطموحات والخبرات والميول الشخصية. يطورون نهجًا منهجيًا لفهم الأسلوب التشريعي من خلال معايير مختلفة، مثل عدد مشاريع القوانين التي تم تمريرها، والخطب التي تم إلقاؤها، والأموال التي تم جمعها، ونسبة الأصوات وفقًا للانتماء الحزبي. بتطبيق هذا النهج على عشرة مؤتمرات تمتد لعشرين عامًا من 1989 إلى 2009، تظهر أن أنشطة المشرعين تندرج تحت خمسة أساليب يمكن التنبؤ بها تظل متسقة نسبيًا طوال فترة ولايتهم، مع السماح بالتغييرات بسبب التطوير الوظيفي أو التحولات في المصالح السياسية الفردية أو الأكبر مثل إعادة التوزيع أو تأرجح الأغلبية. يقدم هذا الكتاب نظرة ثاقبة على قضايا السياسة التشريعية الدائمة. الحاجة إلى دراسة وفهم التطور التكنولوجي يؤكد الكتاب على أهمية دراسة وفهم عملية التطور التكنولوجي، لا سيما في سياق تطور المعرفة الحديثة.

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